

英语里的大便、小便、放屁,真正应该怎么说
一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……
9 \" @ _5 F6 s; Y; A至于性毛病,更是老中难于启齿、欲语还羞的尴尬。见到洋医生,窘迫万分,不知如何开口才是,真有「犹抱琵琶半遮面」的感受。1 A! B, h, {: R- j3 {8 H* x8 e4 W
以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
! N1 L M! K( b# x厕所
6 M0 {: k/ w2 \ l# x: I( l在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 * p0 _& r; P! P
解小便 * l. X5 s# L6 P( Q# X; S
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:「Will (could) you urinate in this cup?」医生或许也会问:「Do you have trouble urinating?」=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
, V X& X7 g$ f/ d/ X: J0 O: c* X) V" ?此外,还有其他的说法:to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:; K( l0 D* S; Y u( m$ s
I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
$ w: ?8 m. g3 \How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
! D3 V) ?6 [5 f! l此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:" {+ y1 Z0 X- h2 `5 ~: k5 \
There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.(在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。)
# N7 z9 x' T' \0 [* t8 `& c8 yHe went to the john a few minutes ago.(他在几分钟前上了厕所。)
' l& u) f. C( o3 J; M PThe manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.(劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。)8 F$ i, w: y8 o& H0 R5 G
不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
8 }* x2 o W; d* L) l0 FThe boy needs to pee.9 {1 H1 b6 Q2 W9 k, E
然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。 例如:& W3 z' ^0 }5 Z8 R3 _
Do I need a urine test?$ ~* ^6 t& V( } G$ l0 e: _# c' d
注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
: A" E& |+ w$ f7 `2 u& f2 _He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
* K- v; J& V2 g. |5 ]He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)* f$ K" }( w y, z
如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
1 Y5 ^, q6 ^7 I6 BMy urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) % x2 j% H/ T' }
I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
( z# h" o; u3 O: [& K6 x' bI dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 2 Y$ x! x/ N& R1 f) }8 y
I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
" m f8 @0 A9 ^1 h解大便
# O4 o: ?2 I% Q3 h' f% `一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是「大肠在转动」)* v0 o+ G& q: f- h6 w$ `
此外,还有其他的说法: to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:2 p' T3 b; X9 P! w6 z
The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
; C) k2 @# ~9 X. i不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:; C! I! C9 k- ~7 {" X& ?1 I+ i5 K
The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
( s* G: |% H) t$ Y但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:' v9 c2 s! y' C! ^6 @& P
The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
0 P% u2 b- V5 G1 }9 h+ R4 W+ H放屁
8 b$ z# I$ ^1 @% V. N( ^/ P在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 例如:
! ^5 g) u7 F Q, r0 l医生有时问:「How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?」(你放屁的次数很多吗?) * m' p" ~) N7 q5 `
Is the gas expelled by belching?(是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?)(动词是 belch) 3 v$ Y& N, x, X- L$ j# J* J
He said the more he ate, the more he farted.(吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。)
$ A$ e8 o2 V4 o4 S7 HHe has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.(过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。) 8 ?" z; n0 S7 H: Q4 w
Be careful not to fart in the public.(注意在公共场所不可放屁。)! Y; h( F8 p% h/ w4 A
至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:9 i* X& w8 y ]" J
I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
1 R, q4 X4 Y9 V. E+ ]$ u$ }0 j4 N" E注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
5 {6 i: h: b6 `, L7 NSomething has upset my stomach for two weeks.(胃不舒服有两星期了。)
" G; Z3 B6 o: wHe has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)(他经常便秘。) 或 5 U D ?- x; {2 l
He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
' x2 S; X% @9 `: t5 ]4 `0 d1 d- ZHe is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ! M) t8 Z, F0 c9 q3 w+ f
He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.(他拉了一阵肚子。) / V# a$ t ^ F
He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)(大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。)" X( V! Q( Q7 f+ E& O6 \
补充:He got pissed on head 他很生气。(想想别人在你头上撒尿是啥感觉?哈哈)( K* f8 q8 v( M/ G7 g( r, ~/ H: X( O# y
Pee or poo ? 拉屎还是尿尿?这个也是个习惯用语啊:)