1．Repelled by bodies punishments such as maiming and branding, an idea of penitentiaries were reforms of penal system by Quakers.
A) Quakers suggested the penitentiaries as a reform of penal system
B) Quakers suggested that penal system be reformed as penitentiaries
那个语法书上说a比b简洁，这理由能不能再充分一点？我觉得两个都可以阿
2．The attorney turned down the law firm’s offer of a position because she suspected that it was meant merely to fill an affirmative action quota with no commitment to minority hiring and eventually promotion.
A) quota with no commitment to minority hiring and eventually promotion.
B) quota and did not reflect a commitment to minority hiring and eventual promotion.
B里边的第一个and是怎么弄出来的？而且还多了一个reflect，这对原文不是有明显的改动吗？
3．In theory, international civil servants at the United Nation are prohibited from continuing to draw salaries from their own governments; in practice, however, some governments merely substitute living allowances for their employees’ paycheck, assigned by them to the United Nation.
这个题我没有做错（选项也不是a）但他那个答案里的解释我不能认同，他说assigned修饰paycheck我觉得有点问题:非谓语动词的就近修饰不应该仅限于没有逗号隔开的时候么？我觉得这里边assigned应该是在修饰主语governments啊？
4．Selling several hundred thousand copies in six months, the publication of “Maple Leaf Rag” in 1899 was a instant hit, helping to establish Scott Joplin as the preeminent ragtime composer.
A) “Maple Leaf Rag” was an instant hit; it helped establish Scott Joplin as the preeminent ragtime composer, published in1899 and selling several hundred thousand copies in six months
B) Published in1899, “Maple Leaf Rag” was an instant hit, selling several hundred thousand copies in six months；it helped establish Scott Joplin as the preeminent ragtime composer.
感觉上好像非谓语动词修饰publication 或是“Maple Leaf Rag”语义都说得通啊，而且不是说非谓语只要和主语一用逗号隔开就只能修饰主语吗？为什么答案会说什么指代修饰不明确呢？

1．Repelled by bodies punishments such as maiming and branding, an idea of penitentiaries were reforms of penal system by Quakers.
A) Quakers suggested the penitentiaries as a reform of penal system
B) Quakers suggested that penal system be reformed as penitentiaries
那个语法书上说a比b简洁，这理由能不能再充分一点？我觉得两个都可以阿

这是非常不好的一题，因为要有题外知识，回答的人需要知道 penitentiaries 不是一直有的东西。

那本语法书解错了。A 不是更简洁。A 和 B 的意义是不同的。B 的意义就是说 penal system 要改革为 penitentiaries，而 A 则是说要改革 penal system，加上 penitentiaries 这一项。所以要有题外知识才能够选择答案。

2．The attorney turned down the law firm’s offer of a position because she suspected that it was meant merely to fill an affirmative action quota with no commitment to minority hiring and eventually promotion.
A) quota with no commitment to minority hiring and eventually promotion.
B) quota and did not reflect a commitment to minority hiring and eventual promotion.
B里边的第一个and是怎么弄出来的？而且还多了一个reflect，这对原文不是有明显的改动吗？

A 不对是因为那个 with 引出来的词组并没有明显的 antecedent，所以不够清晰。

为什么你们总是在这类题目里面说原文什么什么的？根本没有原文。A 不是原文，只是一个选项而已，不是高于其他选择。

B 多了个 and，才能够清楚说明到底是谁的 commitment。

3．In theory, international civil servants at the United Nation are prohibited from continuing to draw salaries from their own governments; in practice, however, some governments merely substitute living allowances for their employees’ paycheck, assigned by them to the United Nation.
这个题我没有做错（选项也不是a）但他那个答案里的解释我不能认同，他说assigned修饰paycheck我觉得有点问题:非谓语动词的就近修饰不应该仅限于没有逗号隔开的时候么？我觉得这里边assigned应该是在修饰主语governments啊？

题目那里是把正确答案放进去了么？现在的句子是不对的，因为最后的词组很有问题。那个 them 是谁就不清不楚了。

4．Selling several hundred thousand copies in six months, the publication of “Maple Leaf Rag” in 1899 was an instant hit, helping to establish Scott Joplin as the preeminent ragtime composer.
A) “Maple Leaf Rag” was an instant hit; it helped establish Scott Joplin as the preeminent ragtime composer, published in 1899 and selling several hundred thousand copies in six months
B) Published in 1899, “Maple Leaf Rag” was an instant hit, selling several hundred thousand copies in six months；it helped establish Scott Joplin as the preeminent ragtime composer.
感觉上好像非谓语动词修饰publication 或是“Maple Leaf Rag”语义都说得通啊，而且不是说非谓语只要和主语一用逗号隔开就只能修饰主语吗？为什么答案会说什么指代修饰不明确呢？

A 错是因为 published in 1899 and selling several hundred thousand copies in six months 不能这样与前面连接的。你学到的那些规则都不是正确的。你只要把这个 participle clause 还原为 relative clause，就知道完全不对了：. . . it helped establish Scott Joplin as the preeminent ragimte composer, which was published in 1899 and sold several hundred thousand copies in six months.

不要看这本书了，错误太多。

[ 本帖最后由 Asrgbf 于 2008-4-15 08:52 编辑 ]

因为在新东方上课的时候，老师总说要忠实原文，所以对原题里边的大结构是不敢轻易改动的。一些有具体意义的词更是不敢随意添加。

正确的规则应该是什么呢？我的非谓语动词学得也不是很扎实。。。。。。

这些 participle clauses 其实是 relative clauses 的一种，不过没有 relative pronoun。所以都可以还原为有 relative clause 的分句，那就可以断定对错了。（前面有没有逗号不是关键，只是指出是 restrictive clause 还是 non-restrictive clause。）

例如第三题的 . . . some governments merely substitute living allowances for their employees’ paycheck, assigned by them to the United Nation. 还原后就变成 . . . some governments merely substitute living allowances for their employees’ paycheck, which is assigned by them to the United Nation. 这一还原后就可以看到必须修饰 paycheck，也可以看到这句写得不对。（那个 them 不知道是指什么。）

我在这个帖子里面说了一些关于 participle clauses 的话：http://e.taisha.org/viewthread.php?tid=1021921&page=1#pid11240885，特别是在第八楼那里，可以去参考一下。如果有什么不明白，欢迎再问。