求拍，issue138第一篇习作。不知道是不是这么写？
only through mistakes can there be discovery and progress. 2008-07-14（我语法超烂，希望大家多批评，再看看我的思路对不对，一直不明白issue应该怎么写）
the speaker considers that discovery and progress could be attained only through mistakes. although mistakes are sometimes not necessary conditions for important achievements, I also fundamentally agree with the speaker, because mistakes have two positive functions -to provide negative feedbacks as well as to supporting people with great courage and spirit impulse, which are contributive to promote discovery and progress.
the first reason why I have such a view is that--mistakes often serve as stepping -stones to further discovery and progress. history supports this viewpoint. as a matter of face, the whole history of discovery is filled with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping stones to new ideas. to find examples one need look no further than the history of scientific discovery. Johannes kepler stumbled on the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions which were right for the wrong reasons . as we all know, Thomas Eason knew not only one ways to build a light bulb, but also 1800 ways not to build it ,which others who did not make mistakes would never know. therefore, the discovery and progress is essentially a history of trial and error. Meanwhile, mistakes ,although as the negative feedbacks, could tell people that the current approach is not working , and it is the time for you to change direction to a new one.
at the individual level, through failed relationships not only do we discovery who we are and are not compatible with, we also discovery ourselves in the process. and most of us find the career path that suits us only through trying jobs that do not.
the further reason is that mistakes always frustrated you , but they provide you with great courage and spirit impulse to overcome problems and finish the goal. the power of this kind of spirit is the key to success, through cultivating a optimistic attitude and the spirit of unremitting pursuit. take Steven hawking ,one of the greatest physical scientists in the world for example, he has been staying on the chair since 1963 as a result of a disease which totally prevented him to move. however, he unremittingly struggle with the terrible disease and got finally great scientific contributions for his book "a brief history of time". or, as a son of a Kentucky frontiersman, Lincoln had to struggle for a living and for learning. Lincoln had a positive attitude to get through all the peaks and valleys—working on a farm, splitting rails for fences, and keeping store at New Salem. eventually, he became The President of the United States .
admittedly, there are sometimes discovery and progress without experiencing mistakes. in other words , mistakes are not the necessary conditions for further discovery and progress. some of scientific discoveries are attained by not the trial-and-error or overcoming the mistakes, but by scientists genius knowledge background as well as a little fortune, which help them to make this contribution, such as the Nobel Prize Winner -louls victorde broglie, using his great talent in physics, he proposed the key concept of "material wave" and the wave property of electrons in his dissertation of the Ph.D. this great achievement helped him become the one of the most famous physical scientists in 20th century.
to sum up, although mistakes are sometimes necessary conditions for important achievement, to great extent, discovery and progress could be attained through mistakes. on the one hand , mistakes provide negative feedbacks which tells people to change their directions; on the other hand , the experience of mistakes support people with great courage and spirit impulse to achieve great accomplishment.
