[求助]怎样自己给作文打分？
[这个贴子最后由雨果在 2003/07/18 11:35am 编辑]
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% \8 u# k) W# D; \, f" {( U来自-双博士网站 2002年11月7日
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/ k/ o8 S# f- S$ N2 k4 ?编者注：应读者要求，我们把原定在第七周讲解的作文部分提前到这一讲，进行考试大纲作文要求和备考方法方面的讲解，第七周仍将分析常考题型的应试方法（如图表作文，段首句作文等），原定本周的六级阅读，仍将在周末之前刊出。$ C9 y- ?9 Q8 S' r; ]
本讲专题： 四六级考试作文基本要求及评卷标准5 z1 Q4 `& f: c* X
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1写作基本要求
# I2 ?2 p( Y6 j1 ~& T6 T教育部最新修订的《大学英语教学大纲》中最明显的变化就是对学生写作能力的要求提高了 。具体地说，就是要求学生在达到四级水平时应做到：
7 _+ Z0 _) P8 b! g5 Q: H能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料时做笔记，回答问题和写提纲；
! G0 s% |# b0 m. q8 Q" [' \能就一定的话题或提纲在半小时内写出120～150词的短文；9 c! w0 C) ]7 \3 L! c3 h
能写短信或便条，表达意思清楚，无重大语言错误。
x9 x( P- Z, p& `5 @大纲对于学生达到六级水平时应做到：
8 i" A( c: N+ ~0 T3 I: }9 B' H能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料时做笔记，回答 问题，写提纲和摘要，2 M/ j; P1 l) ^& V1 s$ U0 x5 r& P* S
能就一定的话题、提纲、表格或图示在半小时内写出150～180词的短文，
( A/ n! Z3 ?! } p( u6 e能写日常应用文(如信函、简历等)，且内容完整，条理清楚，文理通顺。 8 g6 w1 S- K7 u* r; t
这实际上是要求学生应具备初步的写作能力。
' {0 M( {0 K5 {* _1 f因此，四、六级考试设计短文写作部分的目的 就是测试学生用英语书面表达思想的一般能力。对于短文部分，《大学英语四、六级考试大纲》有以下五项要求：/ f! ^& @& L7 B8 O9 Z9 ^9 ?4 O0 q
考试时间：30分钟。
& u. i9 X; z+ V1 ]文章长度：四级120～150词；六级150～180词。
$ r( s1 q0 ?4 q4 z- D& [' }5 M题型：命题作文、情景作文、看图表作文、给段首句作文、给关键词作文、根据所给文章 (英语或汉语)写出摘要或大意(此项仅限六级)。 9 y% v$ D% G' I* ?( w
语言：能正确表达思想，意义连贯，文理基本通顺，无重大语法错误。
2 i# L3 U. c$ Z% K( c内容：科技、社会、文化等方面的一般常识。 ; r7 o+ e9 j+ X( ?: ]
II写作评分标准# S, A5 B7 P- v" X* ]
大学英语四、六级考试作文题采用总体评分方法，即阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。这种评分方法更注重内容和篇章结构，便于考查考生表 达思想的能力。 ; U0 C' a6 {/ M0 J
评分是从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。因为内容和语言是一个统一体，作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。所以四、六级作文评分时既要考虑作文 是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也就是要考 虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。 为此，考生就应相应做到：
" b8 x8 l' u4 D( i审题透彻。答卷是否切题是评分的基础。如果试题让你说东，你却偏偏说西，作文写得再 好也是枉然，不可能得高分。3 k3 M2 j9 }% H! K% C$ C
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言简意赅，逻辑性强。由于受时间、篇幅的限制，考生在写作时必须选取最能说明问题的 语言，以最合乎逻辑的方式安排层次，使之环环相扣，说服力强。这就是说，考生应对自己 要从几个方面阐明主题，每个方面需用怎样的方法来说明等心中有数，不可天马行空，想起 一句写一句地凑字数。
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) n; H) P/ F( `$ b. U0 T. w' R语言规范，避免语法错误。无论你对主题的认识怎样，都需用正确的语言来表达。语 言错误太多最直接的恶果有两个：一是妨碍考生顺利表达思想，使阅卷老师不知所云；二 是 给阅卷老师留下不良印象，认为该生英语水平很差，进而影响其总得分。所以，考生除了平 时要加紧语言基本功的训练外，考试时尽量选用自己熟悉的句型和表达方式也很重要。也许 你的用词或表达法不是最好的，但总比犯错误好。3 ]+ b/ s0 J. M6 l* }$ v: J' c. }
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字迹清晰，标点正确。由于四、六级考试集中阅卷，时间紧、压力大。清晰的字迹、整洁 的卷面既能为阅卷老师减轻一定的工作强度，又可为自己争取到良好的印象，何乐而不为呢 ?至于标点，看似简单，其实不然。许多考生有一字一点的坏习惯，还有些考生中、英文标 点不分，这些毛病一定要注意改掉。$ [$ R# F c3 [$ w% T
以下是CET-4作文评分样卷及说明。从这份样卷中，我们能更具体地体会出什么是合格的四 、六级作文。Directions:
6 w9 ` Z/ c1 p* [ B/ YFor this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a c omposition about Women in the Modern World in three paragraphs.You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and are required to deve lop the idea in completing the paragraph.Your part of the composition should be abou t 100words,not including the words given.Remember to write clearly.You should wr ite this composition on the Composition Sheet. 5 y2 ~( G9 A+ N
Women in the Modern World+ k" }; R; Y3 l/ W
. z6 E/ [. q, B# V 1 Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today. ___________________ .! G' b( L, w* r% }; w3 b6 l( m! f
2 With the changes in their social role,women's position in the family has been improved as well.______________________________________ .
% o, I4 n# S0 z8 E' ?/ c 3 In spite of these changes,the liberation of women has not been completely realized. _____________________________________________________________________.
0 p" q0 R- G3 b例 1- s- c$ P( p M1 Z! T- `
Women in the Modern World
) a" ~* y3 E { L, y, e9 pWomen are playing an increasingly important part in society today.long ago,women only did something in the kitchen or at home .Now many of them have serious jobs to serve for people.What men can do so can women.
; Q1 p4 o3 N8 ^9 k- V$ [With the changes in their social role,women's position in the family has been improved as wellToday in the family, the welf often lots her husband t o do something at home batago,only women did something.Men are foned of doing something at home.
; m" E2 E* F5 C' J( tIn spite of these changes,the liberation of women has not been completely realized. Sometimes, the matter,the husband hitting has welf,often happene d.In the factory the women to as much as the men,but they are paid less than th e men.Some people have not completely realized the liberation of women. 0 \- u! u$ ^8 O6 a+ M
评分：2分
4 x# j8 q- C. o2 N, ~评语：该文章除所抄起始句外，几乎一无是处，存在诸多语法错误，并且逻辑混乱。8 K! z7 W' i" q/ T/ X) x2 D- \
例 2
5 y4 O/ T( o4 J! {Women in the Modern World; j1 ]; s, ], u" l1 p$ U
Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today.In today,many women have a work.They worked as well as men playing an important part in factories.They are many women in government also.They lead other people country,and make out plans.There are many women scientist slso.They event new things to improve our life.
7 M9 T/ @- k' T6 X; Q7 ~+ P. k0 ~With the changes in their social role,women's position in the family has been improved as wellToday in the family, In ancient,women's position in family is pity.They had to looks after their children,did every how husband ordered her to do .But now it is chang ed.They are equal to her husband.They have the right of speaking of idea,discuss ion thing with her husband,do what she wants to do.+ W' i, k4 _: P2 E; m
In spite of these changes,the liberation of women has not been completely realized. We also should realize,women' likerty are limited .For example,many factories want men become its workers but the chance of women is less than men.Everyone should do their best to change this condition.I'm sure,the liberation of women would be increased.# [ k4 r: O* w/ u
评分：5分
~" p: i, y, A) G, W8 {评语：基本切题，但语言基本功差，存在大量语法错误。如:They lead other people country.(不知作者想说什么)；…many women scientist slso (scientist 不知道加“s”也还罢了，只是不知单词slso 从何而来)；They event new things (event 想来应为invent 之笔误)……，等等。
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例 3
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Women are playing an increasingly important part in society today. Many women today are playing an important part at works that was thought only could be done by the men before.For an example.some women are not sectary in the office,instead,they become manager of a company.
$ R! }. Z. Q+ aWith the changes in their social role,women's position in the family has been improved as wellToday in the family, In the world today,more and more women have their own job.They get their own salary,and become more independent from their husband.With the economic situation improved,their family position is improving.
' K- l q! z6 a2 _/ ]In spite of these changes,the liberation of women has not been completely realized.Many husbands only want his wife to stay at home,and do house w orks o r do some shopping.They only want their wife to be a housewife,but not a manager of a company.+ G2 G3 ^5 N0 h& R* A% u
评分：8 分
) F8 j3 v- w9 g, P. ]: ~4 Z a评语：基本切题，语言也比较连贯，作者想要表达的思想还算清楚，但仍有一些较大错误。如：more and more women have their own job (许多妇女只有一个 job ?)；Many husbands only want his wife do house works.(许多丈夫们共有一个wife，:):) 而且让她干家里“works”— —“著作”?)。9 P4 ]0 c9 W' \0 H& E/ o
例 4
5 M3 r) z+ [: M# KWomen in the Modern World
3 m/ K' S2 w* w" y; nWomen are playing an increasingly important part in society today. More and more women go to work to earn money instead of keeping the house or looking after the children.Women have entered many fields of society including scientific field.As we know,many women sports teams have won the world's champions such as Chinese women's Volleyball Team.* u+ z' k4 p) |
With the changes in their social role,women's position in the family has been improved as wellToday in the family, Husbands are not the masters of wives in many places.H usbands and wives are equal now.They join together to overcome difficulties and share happiness.% T! D; ^2 J i# x8 y( q+ N& l- @
In spite of these changes,the liberation of women has not been completely realized.Also in some places.women are considered being “thing” belong to men.They have little chance to find jobs.They don't get equal pay for equal job.This is a problem must be solved not only by society but also by women themselves.
6 i" S7 B9 H6 u1 a) v4 `! ]评分：11 分 + T" Y$ U, g% W2 I6 a
评语：切题，思想表达清楚，连贯，虽有个别错误，但未影响整 体意思的 表述。如后一句 This is a problem must be solved (就是语言结构上的一个重大错误； 名词 problem 后面，显然应跟一个定语从句，但该从句既没有挂钩或引导词，又欠缺主语 ，形不成一个从句)。
! ^1 `# ?3 o# B& R# s: k例 5
& ~2 t7 u! ~4 W, I/ y6 jWomen in the Modern World
- S" E G7 x9 _& QWomen are playing an increasingly important part in society today. In many countries,more and more women are acting as workers,farmers,scientists and even leaders.We can say that almost all jobs which men can do are done perfectly by women.Women are no longer looked down upon by society.4 _+ q% T( V% h) }) h: d/ M
With the changes in their social role,women's position in the family has been improved as wellToday in the family, Husband and wife are now equal in the family.They cope with problems of daily life together,and share happiness with each other.Also,you can hardly find out that in today's families,women are being busy with dinners , whereas men are comfortably sitting in armchairs,reading newspapers.
7 j# N/ k1 P& j! k" uIn spite of these changes,the liberation of women has not been completely realized.A number of men still jealously guard their rights, and regard wo men as incapable creature.Few women are allowed to attend important international meetings dominated by men.That's really the problems we should solve immediately.
1 ~5 Q& J: u/ R+ r N7 `评分：14 分 4 p5 C( T/ f! I7 `
评语：切题，语言流畅，用词适当，句子也有一定变化，虽有极个别小错，但并不影响整体意思的表达。
' b4 b, e7 H) G由上述5篇作文及评分意见可以看出，四、六级考试对写作的要求并不是高不可攀。只要掌握基本的写作方法，平时注意语言基本功的训练，就可以写出合格的四、六级作文。另外， 写作可以发挥学生的主观能动性，扬长避短。在写作中，学生可以避开似是而非的句型、单 词、语法等，只需用自己有把握的方式将自己想说的事物表达出来就可以。所以，从这个角 度来说，写作比听力、阅读、填空等项目还容易些。$ ^7 [3 G9 p% n
