我考试时的两篇文章都写过，我考的时候和我练习的时候写得基本上是一样的，可能还不如练习的文章。现在贴出来现一下小丑。请大家看一看，4。5分的作文就这个鸟样，其实一点也不难，只要方向对头，大家都可以取得比我更高的分数的。后边还有我的阿狗的模板，希望对大家有帮助。。4 N; Q5 C& l i' S. G8 L v1 U
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* l* U. E7 a) {9 W7 |' Q& hThe following appeared in a letter to the editor of a newspaper serving the villages of Castorville and Polluxton.
( H1 a$ Z8 z C1 g' s! ~, H"Both the villages of Castorville and Polluxton have experienced sharp declines in the numbers of residents who pay property taxes. To save money and improve service, the two villages recently merged their once separate garbage collection departments into a single department located in Castorville, and the new department has reported few complaints about its service. Last year the library in Polluxton had 20 percent fewer users than during the previous year. It follows that we should now further economize and improve service, as we did with garbage collection, by closing the library in Polluxton and using the library in Castorville to serve both villages."0 R. { F j5 k) ` _
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In this argument, the arguer recommends that the library in Polluxton(P) close and use the one in Castoriville(C) to serve both villages. To justify this recommendation, the arguer notes the consolidation of the two separate garbage collection departments. And he or she asserts that the libraries could follow this model. However, this argument relies on a sequence of unjustified assumptions which damage the soundness of the argument.
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0 H6 X6 B& Y/ L4 `& _0 ZTo begin with, the arguer provides insufficient information to evaluate the effect of the two garbage collection department's corporation. It is true that the new garbage collection department has reported few complaints. However, it is entirely possible that the residents in P cannot report their complains since the garbage collection department in their village closed. It is equally possible that the time is too short after their combination to assess it. Without providing more specific information about the garbage collection department or waiting a longer time to see the actual effect, the author cannot convince us that this deal is successful.
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Secondly, the arguer presents a false analogy between the garbage collection departments and the libraries. The arguer ignores the differences between the garbage collection departments and the libraries. After all, residents in P need not to travel to C to throw their garbage after their garbade collection department closed while they will have to drive to C to borrow books if the library in their village close. It is entirely possible that readers in P are much more than those in C. In this case, the service will not be improved if the library in P close.
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Another problem with this argument involves the arguer's prediction of improving service. The arguer provides no evidence to support this prediction. It is known to all that there must be a lot work to do in order to improve the library's service, such as purchasing more books.
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To sum up, this argument is unconvincing as stands. To strengthen it , the arguer must provide more specific information concerning the consolidation of the garbage collection departments.: H. \( C9 Q2 r5 ^
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8 B" e+ m+ O: H4 l* Ji50"In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."3 X/ a1 X: A" }. E
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The speaker asserts that all faculty should be required to spend time working out side the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach. Although I strongly agree with the speaker in most cases, yet in my perspective, the faculty in the field of some pure science and philosophy should not be included in the plan.
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A chief reason why I agree with the speaker involves one of the main functions of education, which is preparing students for their careers in future. So far as we know, most of us accept education with a hope to get a better job. However, some knowledge taught in university can not be applied in our futural work, which make us become somewhat distrusting college education. The reason of this pale fact is that communications are lacking between the faculty and the employers. If the faculty themself have professions in the mundane world, this problem could be solved, and they will know what are necessary for the jobs in their field and what are not. Only when the teacher who theachs accounting works in a company, can he understand the how themoney circulates in the real world, and teach it to his students.
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% ?# O o1 K( W" t" ZAnother reason for my agreement with the speaker is that the researchers need vivid informaitons for their research, which can be offered by their working outside the academic world, at least in the field of applied courses. This argument has its merit in two aspects. First, what the researchers study in are the problems which appear in the mundane world. If the researchers have the exeperience of working outside the academic world, they can know which problems deserve to study on. To this extent, their research is worth. Second, until they get enough data, researchers cannot build any sound theory. And the researchers can get enough fresh data in their work in the mundane world.
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However, when it comes to the fields of some pure science and philosophy, things may be different. Consider, for example, mathimaticians in the field of pure math. Their work is to learn for leaerners' sake. So it is nearly impossible to find a job relevant to their study outside the academic world. Furthermore, they need a quiet environment to muse, which will be damaged by a proffesion outside the colleges. For the philosophors, beside the problem that it is hard to find such professions for them outside the universities, it is also absurd to imagine that Kant work as a journalist or that Neiztche had a job in a factory or the government. & \ Q& Z6 c; W, N1 C' L
& j- ]; }8 S" k1 h, b# Y/ AIn the final analysis, I strongly agree the assertion that most of faculty in applied science and technologies should be required to work for sometime outside colleges in professions relevant to their expertise and leave the scientist in the field of pure science .
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) P. C" o4 V0 W, U2 A8 G5 sargument模板
, S; p/ f( U! r" \( K# i: v. x开头; c R) o0 d! P* Q/ N7 L9 ?
In this argument, the author concludes/ recommends/ suggests that1 k, ]: z: v; r5 ]: f$ q
To justify the conclusion, the author notes/ points out/ cites that,
a" _* x8 ]) `Also, the author notes/ points out/ cites
+ w5 ?, P# ^+ k# nThen, he reasons that.../ {5 i: ~/ [& a9 d+ A
However, the argument relies on a sequence of unsubstantiated assumptions, which will damage the soundness of the conclusion.& b! j) r" s- T
/ Further scrutiny of these evidences, however, reveals that they lend little credence to the recommendation/ conclusion.. P9 K' Q: @ ?- ^) `
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万能模版，适用于各种错误+ C- Y4 `' d5 v5 H: L
A threshold/ Another problem with the argument involves ...8 L6 R- c6 j- J- A
The arguer provides no information about/ no evidence to support the assumption that
3 s9 M- `" n; |) G6 w) ^. V; HAbsent such evidence, it is entirely possible that .....
V- D! ^4 O! P2 s2 m8 `# F X# P it is unjustified to ignore a host of alternative explanations for . A5 _# L# S7 F8 s& k0 O! X* j
other factors that may influence/account for..
' M6 t; |5 ]& ]& o such as ....... % S: I. U; W5 O8 W7 y' k" S6 @
It is equally possible that..
' f" s1 [! \2 n* `& V, ]Without accounting for these factors/ considering and ruling out these and other possible explanations, the speaker cannot convince us that.... ~3 \- ~3 l6 L. S7 }2 r c4 Z
. W5 j9 E: A6 K V统计的代表性错误) D$ h, l" e6 \8 _; ^
(The result of the survey（A）) cited in the argument does not necessarily reflect (作者的建议适用的人群B)because the speaker ignores (B-A)0 }' b8 y+ s( y. I3 `5 W
Perhaps....[A特殊]
" q% Z; i: ?* t @+ g9 @' }: WOr perhaps...[B-A特殊]
1 z6 K( l+ ~9 j; @Without providing statistics of a sufficiently representation, the author's conclusion ...is open to doubt.; z/ W# q+ F+ X+ [
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数据的可靠性模糊
% |% c x8 a- p" C( I# s" N3 i. FThe author provides vague[对data定性] data to demonstrate his conclusion..- _2 f+ S* y1 ` F
He fails to provide any information/ clarify /differentiate....# x9 \9 U+ r F- ~9 h% ?
Maybe ......To this extent,....( O: f" O! I' ]4 f- z6 H# x5 t# A' p
Absent/Lacking evidence that ...., the assumption is unwarranted that .....
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差异范围，差异概念
: s) t4 I1 h( W! _1 Y; _- Q....does not necessarily indicate/ is little indication that..../ y3 {, _6 N/ T$ ], F
The author fails to take into account .....
4 d0 L: g, d8 e# _It is entirely possible that...
; E; r# o8 t& s* \In this case,....) @$ V) K' l# _. p+ F: }* B
Without ...., the assumption is dubious at best that .....
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错误类比或不完全对比
& h) ^" ?1 K1 X9 k% l) F2 MThe author presents a false analogy/incomplete comparison, between ...and ...
, A/ j! t' \$ w1 HHe (or she) supply no evidence that ...while he notes that ...
* Q# q* z# m7 Q! PPerhaps..... & n: Z" L9 V& {: n" J$ o
It is equally possible that .....while .... A) d( C) V( Q8 N
In either case, the comparison between ... and ... accomplishes nothing towards bolstering the conclusion that...
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6 U+ M: s: V; ~1 N/ W4 ]% c% g错误的因果关系2 ^) x) x7 p- H
The author fails to establish the causal relationship between .... and ....[The arguer unfairly attributes ... to ...]* t1 c- A% r# q2 @$ g$ }8 y
It is entirely possible that ...% I& L1 C& E+ S7 X4 w7 I
It is equally possible that....
$ [& C- o5 h/ I! i4 o5 Y, i: PWithout taking into account these factors, it is unjustified to claim that ....results from ...
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结尾* D0 ?8 i5 j. R) L9 u$ V
To sum up, the argument is unconvincing as it stands.
0 I0 p* ^% T( Z0 n* oTo strengthen it, the arguer must provide ...evidence that ...
- S9 d0 J! B+ F......is also demanded for us to better assess the argument.
