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中餐菜谱翻译法Expressing Names of Chinese Dishes

中餐菜谱翻译法Expressing Names of Chinese Dishes

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在新东方的一个老师给的,嘿嘿,给大家分享下~4 [1 D: a6 s( H8 r6 s4 w' N, F# q
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Expressing Names of Chinese Dishes/ N; K5 G; a3 D- g# ]
(中餐菜谱翻译法)4 x; ~$ O) p- L/ O; x2 C
中餐菜谱不容易翻译,原因是中国人的饮食文化比较发达,对菜名特别讲究。菜谱翻译的核心内容是菜用什么原料做成,因为外国人在餐桌上最关心的是吃什么东西。其次要讲清楚的是茶的用料、刀法和烹调方法。由此可见,要译好菜谱,就必须知道一些主要的用料、刀法、烹调方法及某些准备步骤。
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1.常见的用料0 P! M% Y! A, R4 A. I
鸡  chicken  鸭  duck   鹅  goose   鱼类 fish. U9 }. B1 P; `
肉类 meat   猪肉 pork   牛肉 beef    小牛肉 veal
0 h: u+ G% A# S- Q+ m/ C羊肉 mutton  小羊肉 lamb   牛尾 oxtail   里脊 fillet
( Z: h  `9 r. J$ R/ x  ]3 a  y排骨 spare ribs  腰子 kidney  肚子 tripe    肝  liver% r' g- V- O/ W9 X
舌  tongue  下水 offals  蹄子 trotter   胗  gizzard
! b6 R4 S. ]6 E- `3 @: E4 a鸡什 giblets  鹿肉 venison  鸡脯 chicken breast  甲鱼 turtle, ^7 n7 ?' P$ ?1 G
海味 seafood  虾  shrimp  干贝 scallop   螃蟹 crab
% z" [) H  n6 v5 _0 U% Q鱿鱼 squid  海蜇 jellyfish  黄鳝 finless eel  海螺 whelk
4 i9 `  i# _) x野味 game  兔  rabbit  鸽  pigeon   鹌鹑 quail
$ \" Y0 N* A2 y. Q, b龙虾 lobster  牡蛎 oyster  田螺 snail    田鸡 frog
# Y3 Y  N3 }- H! Q' H1 X. ?蛇  snake  腌肉 bacon  香肠 sausage   火腿 ham1 I: W, F3 V! ^" w7 G( z, I
熊掌 bear’s paw 鱼翅 shark’s fin 燕窝 bird’s nest  鲍鱼    abalone
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2.切煮前的准备工作; |5 x6 n8 b+ H9 ~0 h- _  A
去骨 boning  例如,去骨鸭掌 boned duck webs( E6 x! g$ A) t
打鳞 scaling  例如,去鳞鱼 scaled fish
0 F" l' t$ @1 V2 J2 G$ t剥/去皮skinning  例如,去皮田鸡 skinned frogs7 G+ w3 p; j. M, [' d
脱壳 shelling  例如,虾仁  shelled shrimps
; [0 L% n$ u* m" E) |腌制 pickling  例如,咸酸菜 pickled vegetables
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# ]( f/ U: L1 n3.常用刀法及用料形状
! t0 k" h9 Y$ Z  {: K3 X(1)常用刀法8 c  ~. h* G: Z% w" }
切片 slice  切丝 shred 切丁 dice  切柳 fillet
* V! q+ h3 g6 D. n切碎 mince 捣烂 mash 酿入 stuff1 o2 ?0 T) [' k  t5 O6 n" T
(2)常用用料形状
  z$ g; S- m1 f: F1 t1 ~肉/鱼片 sliced meat/fish或meat/fish slices) X. b/ m9 u, ]* x
肉丝 shredded meat或pork shreds
$ a% r/ O$ b9 u3 d6 u) b肉/鸡丁 diced pork/chicken或meat/chicken cubes
% ?/ W# s8 u, t肉末 minced meat
% b& ^0 P/ l% k6 |, i& T肉丸 meat balls
6 t/ @9 x1 L8 L; Z肉馅 meat filling

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4.中餐菜谱翻译法
% P$ G, T9 z% V$ P(1)直译法。英译时把对应的制作方法译出来,再以该菜的主要原料为中心词。如:炖牛肉   Stewed Beef6 m7 V) K9 [1 y7 k: r* O
(2)直译加注法。英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意,然后再补充说明其内在含义。如:0 ]  j6 d- S$ G( _: X, o
狮子头 Lion’s Head——Pork Meat Balls
+ Y! P% P! v% B) k5 ~6 ]5 q全家福 Happy Family——A combination of shrimps, pork, beef, chicken, lobster and mixed vegetables with brown sauce0 Z4 s# R' s  P
(3)意译法。此法可分为三种情况:
+ H8 V) l0 q7 N1 L5 d4 N; n1)原料+with+作料。以原料为中心词,有时捎带把烹调法也译出,再加上用介词with或in与作料构成的短语即可。如:
# I0 N9 u: O! X$ h6 m* M: @海米白菜  Chinese Cabbage with Dried Shrimps$ j$ f$ p9 y; V6 z" i; V! a
鱼香肉丝  Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce1 K9 Q7 a7 N" ~: m. u7 e
2)作料+原料。即把作料用作修饰语,放在中心词原料的前面。如:6 U) m. k3 a5 R* Z
咖喱牛肉  Curry Beef         古老肉  Sweet & Sour Pork
. [) Z3 z2 W9 v% u7 g5 a3)以“实”对“虚”法。即舍去中菜名里的喻义、夸张等说法而用平直、明白的英语译出。如:: w0 `7 M+ C$ i& u6 l) y% R1 D) d
以财好市  Black Moss Cooked with Oysters) F  ^8 w4 X6 V; g( x$ e
采凤喜迎春  Baked Chicken and Fried Quail Eggs
/ ~0 `' V# S9 }. x% ^& V. B' y3 Y蚂蚁上树  Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork. D, O/ c: ~' z7 x* r* c3 l7 g7 e2 W
龙虎凤大烩  Thick Soup of Snake, Cat and Chicken
& d9 Q! _/ v, k) ](4)“移花接木”法。借用西方人熟悉并了解的欧洲菜名或主食名来译部分中菜名与少数主食,因为它们之间有许多相似之处。译文地道、通俗易懂,能收到事半功倍的效果。如:& W! [6 x# _! M9 D% z
烤排骨  Barbecued Spare Ribs     饺子  Chinese-style Ravioli2 h6 j4 A+ O3 ~7 Q" D6 n( A$ Y- F6 s
(5)音译加释义法。先按中文用拼音译出,然后再加以解释性的英译,使英译文保留点“中国味”。如:, W* Y: I, A; V/ T8 ~" t1 }: ]
包子 Baozi——Stuffed Bun      馒头 Mantou——Steamed Bread: ?8 w+ B( g$ N' I! L7 G
(6)“随机应变”法:原料+地名+Style。应用此法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的地方风味特色。如:9 v; z$ W' \! R8 w' c4 H4 C" @% ?
广东龙虾 Lobster Cantonese Style    麻婆豆腐 Bean Curd Sichuan Style
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5.中餐常见的烹调方法
( z, y2 |+ f* I/ B, \    中菜的烹调方法至少有50多种,但大体不离:煮(boiling)、煲/炖(stewing)、烧/焖/烩(braising)、煎(frying)、炒(stir-frying)、爆(quick-frying)、炸(deep-frying)、扒(frying and simmering)、煸(sautéing)、煨(simmering)、熏(smoking)、烤(roasting/barbecuing)、烘(baking)、蒸(steaming)、白灼(scalding)等基本方法。7 n% ?' W% p5 n+ v$ g
煮boiled     如“煮咸牛肉”(Boiled Corned Beef)
6 z- s1 D* ~; V$ ~煲/炖stewed    如“清炖牛尾”(Stewed Ox Tail n Clear Soup)  H, y5 I$ e5 O! p4 q4 f4 Y
煎(pan-)fried   如“红烧牛蹄”(Braised Ox Trotters in Brown Sauce), I0 _& {1 v  i+ s! C
炒stir-fried    如“炒鸡丁”(Stir-Fried Chicken Dices)
  I; \7 Y: _2 C1 r% K6 ^# r爆quick-fried 如“葱爆羊肉”(Quick-Fried Lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce)
7 |! a8 c; U; O8 t! F炸deep-fried    如“炸大虾”(Deep-Fried Prawns)4 \. k0 F6 m" R) M8 y7 Q
扒fried and simmered 如“虾子扒海参”(Fried and Simmered Sea Cucumber with Shrimp Roe)- B( I) S! y1 F3 |
煸sautéed    如“干煸鳝鱼”(Sautéed Eel Slices)9 U1 O5 Z) k* D; L! b& `
煨simmered    如“煨牛肉”(Simmered Beef)- |$ [* W: O' q9 m* ~+ d
焖braised    如“黄酒焖猪排”(Braised Pork Chops in Rice Wine)  ?' j: C" S, }" H, Z
烩braised    如“烩鸡丝”(Braised Chicken Shreds with Peas)$ L' p6 c  |2 M: t9 i5 P# r2 X7 I0 E
烘baked     如“烘鸽”(Baked Pigeon)  \1 l7 s- Q! J
蒸steamed    如“蒸鲜鱼”(Steamed Fresh Fish); c5 b% w7 s, E0 X$ ~  M
酱/醋marinated   如“酱鸡”(Marinated Chicken)
" g& b* o3 N( S) w) r  z2 a0 c+ u卤spicy; stewed in gravy 如“卤鸭”(Spicy Duck)
) M! Q$ j6 k: a8 s  {5 T' W# ?4 v涮instant-boiled   如“涮羊肉”(Instant-Boiled Mutton Slices): e: U/ E5 A& I; O7 N" E1 u' T6 c# X
酿stuffed    如“酿青椒”(Stuffed Green Pepper)
4 B" I* \+ t- _) B烤roast; barbecued   如“烤鹅”(Roast Goose)
5 d; x: N$ O" e- q7 |& e) K清蒸steamed(in clear soup) 如“清蒸桂鱼”(Steamed Mandarin Fish)
# c$ R: R6 `+ Z清炖stewed in clear soup 如“清炖甲鱼”(Stewed Turtle in Clear Soup)
& q  M6 W7 z/ \5 i& U. g* Q$ `白灼/嫩煮scalded   如“白灼海虾”(Scalded Prawns)
) l$ H4 Z9 C. ^7 _9 X( u  l1 R" |/ i2 r红烧braised in brown sauce 如“红烧蹄筋”(Braised Pork Tendon in Brown Sauce)7 K* i: S: k8 P9 `
干烧in pepper sauce  如“干烧干贝”(Scallop in Pepper Sauce)
8 l( a* x& V" L麻辣with hot pepper 如“麻辣豆腐”(Bean Curd with Hot Pepper/Spice Bean Curd)( @9 U8 j3 L3 K4 ?7 s7 C
酱爆in bean sauce   如“酱爆肉丁”(Diced Pork in Bean Sauce)# m/ P8 Y; Q7 }5 N: A4 Z: \% N: I
鱼香in (spicy)garlic sauce 如“鱼香肉丝”(Shredded Pork in Garlic Sauce)
" E( N8 ]9 w% P8 k5 c糖醋with sweet and sour sauce如“糖醋排骨”(Spareribs with Sweet and Sour Sauce)
; f! d- k7 U& B宫保with chili and peanuts 如“宫保鸡丁”(Diced Chicken with Chili and Peanuts)
5 ~- v  ^% \9 a$ [脆皮crisp (in spicy sauce) 如“脆皮鱼”(Crisp Fish)
& J* }/ T, L5 U$ C香酥crisp fried   如“香酥鸡”(Crisp Fried Chicken)
' z. a$ ~! Q3 i2 K& S3 B4 x$ w焦熘fried in sauce   如“焦溜鱼片”(Fried Fish Slices in Sauce)( N  `3 g0 }$ e, s$ X) y& J
甜酸sweet and sour  如“甜酸肉”(Sweet & Sour Pork)2 T6 _5 k  r  C1 |, R1 V
胡辣with pepper and chili 如“胡辣海参”(Sea Slug with Pepper and Chili)* a+ |+ s( W# L. a
油淋drip-fried with oil  如“油淋兔”(Drip-Fried Rabbit with oil)
; F3 D9 m) @- e. q" z; z% d# L8 Z干煸dry-sautéed   如“干煸季豆”(Dry-Sautéed String Beans)
% k& F* Y  `) D6 f1 {盐水boiled in salt water  如“盐水虾”(Boiled Shrimps in Salt Water)+ R# d4 X* |% A1 n4 a$ c+ G
家常home style   如“家常豆腐”(Bean Curd Home Style)- G  V: O1 T7 a9 G. d9 ~
陈皮with spicy orange peel 如“陈皮鸡”(Chicken in Spicy Orange Peel)# z; T3 F7 R5 u" K/ q" \- e" T
回锅double-sautéed  如“回锅肉”(Double-Sautéed Pork Slices)1 j$ G/ N2 c1 p0 t% t6 r! m4 s
五香spiced    如“五香牛肉”(Spiced Beef)
/ `+ w6 R1 S" G) n4 K干炸dry deep-fried   如“干炸羊肉”(Dry Deep-Fried Lamb Breast)
  F  b$ K( G- |: V, m6 s" Z9 H6 q软炸soft deep-fried  如“软炸里脊”(Soft-Fried Pork Fillet)
) k# t) A/ c2 I: Y1 a) G" N; ]酥炸crisp deep-fried  如“酥炸羊脯”(Crisp Fried Lamb Breast), J  s9 ^' [' Z7 A1 u2 v
串烤skewered 如“串烤羊肉青椒”(Skewered Mutton with Green Pepper)
3 ~. B% K0 b& [' Q铁扒grilled    如“铁扒乳鸽”(Grilled Baby Pigeon)& K1 C8 L! T8 B; E, X) H
烧烤roast    如“烤乳猪”(Roast Suckling Pig)
) @$ C6 H/ D9 A. `2 _9 W& l0 v砂锅in casserole   如“砂锅鱼翅”(Shark’s Fin in Casserole)
+ C1 ^9 W: k6 K6 s2 V0 T锅巴with sizzling/crispy rice crust如“锅巴海参”(Sea Slug with Sizzling/Crispy Rice Crust)
7 o  s+ J3 l) S# ^4 J4 h8 Y芙蓉with eggwhite   如“芙蓉海参”(Sea Cucumbers with Eggwhite)9 G! N- G% f( l9 @! q8 Y; l; l- z. I; n
麻酱with sesame paste  如“麻酱海参”(Beche-de-mer with Sesame Paste)& j6 |2 d3 h1 g5 L$ |4 W
三鲜with two other delicacies如“三鲜海参”(Sea Cucumbers with Other Two Delicacies)
5 z' J9 R) d$ R% a6 F+ [; |: S  v醋溜sautéed in vinegar sauce/gravy如“醋溜白菜”(Sautéed Cabbage in Vinegar Sauce/Gravy)
  Y2 ?0 I) F6 U& v1 o$ V$ T糟熘in distilled grains sauce 如“糟溜鸡片”(Sliced Chicken in Distilled Grains Sauce)
! O9 `2 l" h9 B+ R7 K0 l2 C凉拌in soy sauce   如“凉拌海蜇”(Jellyfish in Soy Sauce)" H% V0 E2 j9 A1 q
酸辣hot and sour   如“酸辣黄瓜”(Hot and Sour Cucumber)# x; @. _4 S9 u: s
姜汁in ginger sauce  如“姜汁扁豆”(Snap Beans in Ginger Sauce)
( M( [8 V9 M! l  s; p& N/ h  E9 C/ @蚝油in oyster sauce  如“蚝油香菇”(Mushrooms in Oyster Sauce)
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蒜泥with mashed garlic  如“蒜泥胡豆”(Broad Beans with Mashed Garlic)
# z  }, f  a7 k什锦mixed; assorted  如“什锦丝冬粉”(Assorted Shreds with Vermicelli)+ y4 b$ k- M. i( d% ]3 `
茄汁in tomato sauce  如“茄汁鸡脯”(Chicken Breast in Tomato Sauce)4 j- @7 w# r5 W' _2 M  q
咖喱with curry   如“咖喱牛肉”(Fried Beef with Curry)
: l" |8 M/ D9 [" z$ d八宝(stuffed)with eight delicacies如“八宝鸡”(Chicken Stuffed with Eight Delicacies), @3 M6 X( f) H: v+ I! J" ]
葱爆quick-fried with scallion in ginger sauce 如“葱爆羊肉”(Quick-Fried Lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce)& R6 [0 j1 h+ G; @) f; d
粉蒸steamed in rice flour 如“粉蒸牛肉”(Steamed Beef in Rice Flour)
" B8 K) I' H3 f+ g/ {, F! o奶油in cream sauce  如“奶油鱼肚”(Fried Fish Maw in Cream Sauce)5 Q6 e6 ~  v& k/ C. R
木犀with scrambled eggs and fungus 如“木犀肉”(Fried Pork with Scrambled Eggs and Fungus)
* |5 {; L; U' f5 D) k9 T醉liquor-preserved   如“醉蟹”(Liquor-Preserved Crabs)
1 u/ j4 t- Z7 q1 F  [: a辣味in chili sauce   如“辣味烩虾”(Braised Prawns in Chili Sauce)* o% M' T2 B$ t
豆豉in black bean sauce 如“豆豉桂鱼”(Mandarin Fish in Black Bean Sauce)
5 v, @7 R# x7 |* O, I7 _( ?' ]8 l黄焖braised in rice wine 如“黄焖大虾”(Braised Prawns in Rice Wine)  |; A- b! C/ x$ K8 k( R
椒盐with pepper and salt 如“椒盐排骨”(Spare Ribs with Pepper and Salt)
# y7 u% b1 K( c6 ~, m# [怪味multi-flavored  如“怪味鸡”(Multi-flavored Chicken)

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4 J) s. |! F2 @8 P1 s$ ^常见蔬菜Vegetables
' _% [! \8 w! V+ p7 C9 M% Y芹菜 celery   菠菜 spinach  西葫芦 summer squash/field pumpkin- t3 T8 f: g9 [1 F7 P5 s! ?
茄子 eggplant   苦瓜bitter gourd/balsam   冬瓜 wax gourd/winter melon
  c3 O8 O. \( s" ?9 ^0 R辣椒 hot/red pepper/chilli    韭菜 Chinese leek   葱 scallion  
& n' f2 b# [  W) }香菜 coriander 胡萝卜 carrot   白萝卜 white radish  蒜薹 garlic stem' g# M& J/ [7 ^4 `) ^2 L0 S
白菜 Chinese cabbage     菜花 cauliflower   柿子椒 sweet pepper豆芽 bean sprout 竹笋 bamboo shoot 芦笋 asparagus   藕 lotus root
9 i- g9 }" [8 A: l1 X+ I3 D荸荠 water chestnut     芸豆 kidney bean   豇豆 cowpea3 ?/ n2 _- e; D1 H9 Z& m4 S3 i& l
刀豆 jack/sword bean     扁豆 hyacinth    豌豆 pea! s7 K4 ?* p+ k' l9 w1 E' @
蚕豆 broad bean      红豆 aduki bean   绿豆 mung bean# S7 I0 `5 t* `8 c5 z
芥蓝 kale/cabbage mustard    青菜 greens/vegetables  红薯 sweet potato 8 `' p' a6 i' C+ _3 _
生菜 romaine lettuce     空心菜 water spinach  海带 kelp
. H! z* J. m& V4 o6 e* c' n紫菜 laver 粉条 vermicelli/bean noodles醪糟 fermented glutinous rice 油菜 cole
( p5 E/ H" }! G. H2 N: ?榨菜tuber mustard      黄花菜day-lily buds   丝瓜 sponge squash $ I! R: ~# L, a: Y0 C
木耳fungus  银耳 tremella(white wood fungus)    芋头taro

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- s5 P! X4 L6 Q6 n6 G/ _( b/ Z常见水果及干果
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蜜橘 tangerine 红橘 mandarin orange  无花果 fig  荔枝 lichee
( D5 I7 R9 h1 J5 U枇杷 loquat  龙眼 longan    芒果 mango  樱桃 cherry# f% U% t7 g2 e) C3 M! k! T
葡萄柚 grape fruit 柿子 persimmon   山楂 haw  桑葚 mulberry
/ K3 V% Z2 x: [9 \石榴 pomegranate香瓜 musk melon   栗子 chestnut  核桃 walnut& ^0 H3 ~2 {3 e4 [! a
榛子 hazel nut 槟榔 betel nut    椰子 coconut  白果 gingko
4 f/ k9 b: o( ?枣 date   甜瓜 cantaloupe   开心果 pistachio 腰果 cashew
; ~" e; L( g6 a% [葡萄干 raisin  杏仁 almond    葵花子 sunflower seeds4 e: g" Q/ R% T/ U9 O6 d9 ?
西瓜子 water melon seeds          南瓜子 pumpkin seeds
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5 s" Z4 V1 V  k6 ~4 H; v
河鲜与海味
: u+ o# g3 T5 w" ^+ q0 M' K# O桂鱼 mandarin fish鲤鱼 carp  黄花鱼 yellow croaker  鲫鱼 crucian carp+ M9 q! \; F+ F3 |
银鱼 white bait 带鱼 hair-tail fish 对虾 prawn    鲇鱼 catfish/ ~' ^- S3 Q9 e) d, t
海参 sea cucumber/sea slug   墨鱼cuttlefish    鳝鱼eel
4 d; d7 |, f0 s9 v/ t草鱼 grass carp

- w+ f& ^! x: y8 v% U2 o  T+ a+ J3 w2 g4 }. `
[ 本帖最后由 silktree 于 2007-3-4 05:27 编辑 ]
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  • silktree 威望 +4 资源共享 2007-3-4 05:26

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好贴
珍爱生命,远离亚健康

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正是我想要的: Z* ~' H$ I; J2 X

* N+ m+ I  ^' I, [. M* _4 Z0 v3 S最近就想理一些菜的单词啊 贴起来学习学习
$ `$ J' n' C* D$ `+ _6 U% z
, T. J3 [, F+ b正好我可以COPY啦 HOHO

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很好  真的相当的不错  哈哈 我正愁 不知道无花果怎么说呢
如果我注定了无法从事艺术
    至少我可以把它当作爱好~~~~~

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http://bbs.taisha.org/viewthread.php?tid=614387&highlight=5 x: n' L- z1 [- M; D

$ R4 r* [3 l& C  `ZY这个比较附和AU国情  比如BOY CHOI

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不错不错,留名看下

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学习!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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嗯,先看看,以后准备靠这个到那里做waiter去。

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copy收藏了,多谢搂主阿!很有用处!

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天啊,一门学问啊

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疯狂学习中!

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存了起来...希望和房东聊天的时候能用上这些词:)

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好帖留名

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真是好啊...看的我流口水
I'll make it in the end.

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好贴.........

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