1# 大 中 小 发表于 2008-1-22 10:52 只看该作者

太傻倾情奉献雅思短期备考冲刺第四期:访谈7.5分hstonglaohu备考达人！

嘉宾介绍

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论坛用户名：hstonglaohu6 c6 P; T5 _& Z
年龄：26# M; `7 L/ q6 u3 f, J9 f$ a
星座 ：双子
/ u. X5 D% X. S3 }; ?( @6 i业余爱好：乒乓，健身，钓鱼，**/ B2 V# z  y& ~7 s
最大的理想：执子之手,与子偕老
7 _; x6 ]  n% L8 y! N人生目标：老婆孩子热炕头，呵呵！7 E# [. l1 c6 g( ]9 a0 r: r
近期理想：办签证时能够顺利
. r3 p& ]8 @+ V分数：Ｌ７　Ｒ８　Ｗ６．５　Ｓ７．５　ＯＶＥＲＡＬＬ＝７．５
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访谈实录

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sherry 14:16:02# A5 l/ }! t5 {4 @( O
太傻网雅思考试频道编辑sherry很荣幸采访到太傻网友hstonglaohu ！我们先请hstonglaohu自我介绍一下。
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9 ]- v% q5 n+ ?2 d! c" ihstonglaohu 14:16:59
0 V9 B& ]( Q3 O/ n8 g呵呵，我也很荣幸能有这个机会和各位鸭友们交流一下考试的心得！
0 m" p3 {. ?* v, n; f. L3 e先介绍我自己的情况：性别，男（未婚）。年龄：奔三。学历：自学英语本科。证书：英语六级，全国英语三级口译证书，全国小学英语教师技能大赛一等奖。职业：小学英语教师。: ]4 h. y+ J. M4 ?% e
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sherry 14:20:20( \# C, g3 C: w( T
请问hstonglaohu当时为什么选择了考雅呢，是准备留学深造还是别的原因？
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& ?& i3 G* F7 Jhstonglaohu 14:20:44
9 D: g. w; n& v' D去澳洲读tafe，其实我的雅思成绩要求是5.57 [7 w  x& T3 c* }& d% w$ ?
sherry 14:21:34
. ^, z& c& L5 W( A" _原来是这样 6 E2 {6 n& w0 ~) ], ~
hstonglaohu 14:21:49# a( F8 |! F! U
但是因为以前没考过，心里没底，所以拼了命的复习。在这里，我也相对各位网友说，只要付出，肯定会有所回报！hstonglaohu 14:22:52
, Z3 `1 e" Q- T: s* E努力才是硬道理......5 n( _$ y* \' @2 f5 V" M
sherry 14:23:02- x0 r" N# }/ A
确实如此 ！
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( \9 p, `/ Q) G+ G& R& S3 @sherry 14:25:05, ~' Q, s: \( F; d4 j
请问hstonglaohu在雅思听说读写四个部分中，哪一样准备起来有些棘手，又是如何应对的呢？ % @/ s) k' o. S% l1 o9 D: H) e

( q' J- Q; q6 j" H2 `hstonglaohu 14:25:50, E. W7 L6 b3 `3 M
That depends
* \% \& U7 H" z0 L. \) W( mhstonglaohu 14:25:59
/ r" h- i3 ]1 a' j5 h5 v4 X( R( Z每个人情况不一样,我自己在刚着手准备雅思的时候,感觉阅读时最困难的,因为阅读时间实在是太紧了.1个小时要答完3遍文章的40个问题,所以我一开始把练习的重点放在了阅读上,其次是听力,从考试结果来看,也恰恰就是用功最多的一项得分最高！
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做阅读：就是速度+精确度

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sherry 14:28:48  Q: M* ]" b& s3 m
好的，那我们重点听一下hstonglaohu与大家分享备考阅读的经验吧 ！
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5 N: M, X" }3 `( w9 K* H# shstonglaohu 14:30:13# g2 m7 W- Y: u3 o: \( M
在做真题之前，最好把答题卡打印数份备用，尤其是阅读，1个小时的考试时间是包括阅读3篇文章，读文章后面的题目，回原文找出答案和誊写答案的时间，这一点尤其要注意，听力是给你extra 10 min抄答案,而阅读是总共给你1 hr。在平时做题的时候就要有意识的训练自己做完一篇文章就随手把答案写上去的习惯，以免考试的时候来不及抄写，看着满卷子的答案交一张空白答题卡。阅读的机井就不要看了，因为阅读几乎不会出以前出过的题。如果准备时间短又急于参加考试的鸭友就只看真题1-6即可。时间充裕的鸭友可以读读阅读真经（上面说过，当作泛读材料来读，不必死抠后面的题）读的时候一定要注意速度，养成在心里默读而不是嘴唇动的出声的读的习惯。除此之外，还要有跳读和略读的意识，比如说在介绍一个人之前，100%会有或多或少的修饰语，（工作地点，出生年月，工作性质，头衔，为所在行业作出的杰出贡献等等），短的时候几个词，长的时候几十个词，这都是可以跳过的。同样可以略读甚至跳过的还有插入语（就是两个逗号之间起修饰作用的句子）。平时在模拟时就有意识的加强速度练习，对考试无疑会有巨大的的帮助。我觉得在做阅读时最需要研究和琢磨的就是剑桥系列的真题了: Q4 S$ R4 O; b0 ?4 @; p, _5 Q
sherry 14:33:22
* K+ s7 [8 L. j: N为什么呢 2 [2 G2 P" Y5 Z& F6 J4 B

" B. Z3 l* g- @" ~- e( S" y) ohstonglaohu 14:36:01
8 n$ M, B% @$ l( z众所周知，剑桥系列1-6是以前考过但现在已经被淘汰的真题，不论是从材料选取，难易程度，还是出题思路上都无疑是最接近于雅思考试的了！
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5 `- Z* i- n0 Chstonglaohu 14:37:14# h/ n) B. a# v
至于市场上的阅读真经等系列仿真丛书,无非名气大而已，所谓能够猜到真题，我对照以前的阅读机精查了一下，其实只是一些题材和内容相近的文章而已，所以根本不可能出现在这本书和网上的广告里所吹嘘的几月几号又考到了哪一篇的情况。6 R5 ]3 Y& n% g7 K  c
sherry 14:40:09
: u0 Y" q$ F6 p! d同感 ; Q, D2 r. n6 ?, t0 P$ e# u& o

: o; d2 y( _" v  _hstonglaohu 14:40:44
* v" a4 M/ w" g) F/ e- e" h但是应该说这一系列的丛书如果作为阅读材料来读的话还是不错的
/ h  z3 X$ ^. ksherry 14:41:26
, i. F: K/ P, P$ t3 W也就是说阅读靠的是积累 $ ?( Y( e" A/ U5 B9 i9 u- @+ t
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hstonglaohu 14:42:47
: }) T3 j9 v, ]& V6 `: v( c对啊，但是像这种阅读材料每篇文章后面的练习题就还是不要做了，毕竟是中国人出的题，思路和出题方法与老外肯定会不一样，搞不好还会把你的思路搞乱，个人感觉这本书就作为泛读材料读读即可。阅读的方法也有很多。我想在这里向各位鸭友强烈推荐一下平行阅读法，针对大部分题型，这种方法是绝对有效并且高效的，比如选择，判断，还有填空等等。但是也有局限性，如heading 或是Which passage contains the following information?这样的题型这种方法就不适用了！
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) I# u% K3 U7 S3 x张岳老师的平行阅读法真的很受雅思考生的推崇呢 7 D! v# u3 g! P+ C+ D* _# D2 o
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hstonglaohu 14:48:08
4 C; l3 {# h* k0 G是啊，总体来说，这种方法还是很不错的。网上关于这种方法的资料也很多，我就不罗嗦了。
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" c7 }1 w* `6 {' {% P; M5 a1 Esherry 14:49:11. g1 r1 X' k6 f* ~! C2 y
关于阅读hstonglaohu还有什么是想告诉广大雅友的?
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' p: q- I' j7 y9 y. Chstonglaohu 14:49:49
( x9 ~0 H6 K5 @' V, M还想给各位鸭友关于做剑桥真题的一点小tips:一是时间。在做真题的时候一定按照规定时间来做。（提醒各位鸭友注意，一小时是包括抄答案的时间）.前几天刚刚有一个网友在群里说“今天才用了一个半小时就把三篇文章做完了”。我只想说：这种做法是对考试一点帮助都没有的！
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sherry 14:53:18
! h3 K6 U  n  ~# H. @% V为什么会这么说呢 & |  q( _* w* u

. k; o! g- f8 ?$ Q4 T2 k% s* Khstonglaohu 14:56:04
3 T6 V' W. q" u0 T) S+ s" G确切点说应该是弊大于利,我的经验是,每做一套真题,都要把真题的价值挖掘到最大,这样不计时间,慢慢悠悠的做,真正到了考试肯定会手忙脚乱,导致取得欠佳的成绩,所以，一定要把握好时间!
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( N( |. x9 ^* x) U) `* e5 asherry 14:57:16' o. b5 X) {- Y: p: X. Q
讲究数量也要保证质量。对吗 & q! T6 Z% E+ M; p. W; ^
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hstonglaohu 14:58:23+ h! i1 W' u; h
对啊，其二就是注意真题的题型和出题思路。尤其是新出现的新题型Which passage contains the following information? 这是最近几乎每次考试都会碰到的题型！1 K% [" N. b& d" Q. d; }
sherry 14:58:52
3 o0 _- h! U* T8 P6 U7 N是的，是个新的挑战！
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hstonglaohu 14:59:36& i6 Y8 T$ W* i7 p6 m& L- q9 c+ s
个人感觉应该是雅思委员会发现此题型对大陆考生杀伤力较大，所以每次都出此类题型。) }4 ^% ~. V# ?8 ?6 G
sherry 15:00:032 k' _* l! r. `/ @
呵呵，不过也是个很好的检测方法
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1 X. z* a% T2 ?6 J; l1 _' i8 X9 k# chstonglaohu 15:00:59
& ^' C% W! Y( o! T的确是，因为这样的题要在对课文整体掌握的基础之上再在某一段中找出具体的信息，对通篇阅读的能力要求更高！- t5 @+ `, [( w
sherry 15:01:51
- _. M- Y8 v9 o恩，关于阅读还有什么要分析的吗？ . e. n4 ?9 `1 y

9 I; F( w4 u! B4 ~" U" `hstonglaohu 15:02:41
$ u! X1 h( ?1 ^, ?说说我对于这类题型的应对方法吧，我做这类题的经验是读完一段以后，大体归纳一下段意，用简单的话写在这一段的旁边，在做题的时候对照自己记的段意去找，这样做是比较节约时间的做法，如果整篇文章读完了之后再回头找，部分段落的印象应该就不是很深了，要重新读，会浪费大把的时间。呵呵，其实总而言之，做阅读：就是速度+精确度！- Z! ^4 T& V0 e9 a- k
sherry 15:10:11+ C; G, O2 t4 v( G7 i
精辟！一语中地 ！
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写作之前一定打好腹稿,留出充足的时间检查

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sherry 15:09:16* L: V4 Z2 x- s' a/ [, N
请谈谈您对写作的准备好吗?
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/ `! y5 M4 ~* f0 x, V9 P$ G% jhstonglaohu 15:10:17/ h2 `- }( {; [& Y; d7 P; |/ y
对写作其实我是没有什么发言权的,在四项当中,写作十分最低的一项,但是还是有几点小建议给鸭友们:1 还是速度,写作是1小时完成2篇文章,共计400字.先写小作文,要求150字,后写大作文,要求是250字.我的字比较大，一般都是写满。写满了的话小作文是175-200字，大作文是275-300字。8 b# t4 V/ P( W0 c
hstonglaohu 15:15:18
: W% p' P  A9 m) y+ f/ Q, l为什么要强调速度呢？请看第二条理由:2 检查,不光是语法的检查,对于一篇不成功文章来说,最致命的弱点就是跑题和语法以及拼写错误:跑题.是可以在通过考前练习的检查而得到纠正和改进的.语法以及拼写错误是要通过考试时临场的检查来实现的
. b3 y  T  ]! j4 s/ Wsherry 15:23:57! F! e" e+ C2 u; n) d3 W  ?) l- O
跑题是致命的错误哦
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0 {8 C9 S/ l5 h, Jhstonglaohu 15:25:42
, x; o9 w6 ]" c% e对啊
+ ^$ ~( c, v: o1 D( J. p+ j所以奉劝各位鸭友，写作之前一定要打好腹稿，要写什么做到心中有数
* M1 h$ _1 A1 c3 Xsherry 15:27:06
! m) Y# _$ {7 v. c- `- n' R7 ~6 o这是在备考的训练中锻炼出来的能力
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% S9 u4 K( i7 p: f1 thstonglaohu 15:29:33
8 S# \  F# i5 s- `" d. l3 ~除此之外，就是平时一定要把写作的速度提高一些，留出时间来检查。有网友说一个单词的单复数都有可能让一篇文章从6分档降到5分档。足以看出留出充足的时间检查是非常必要的。) i0 r, L, g  {+ S' o8 G' z

+ V4 b+ l2 }) E3 w' {& w9 L. xhstonglaohu 15:29:33
, I- _' D8 a8 `/ X7 y/ J* n我这里有一些雅思作文的观点,想与各位网友分享!是复习时准备的，愿与大家共享!
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hstonglaohu的雅思作文的观点

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我们已变成是一个充满垃圾的社会，原因是什么？有什么解决办法？
8 J) j  R% q0 }! n9 A2 _' ?　　原因：
/ ~- H8 X( v! E2 v7 |' p　　1、随着物质文明的发展，产生的垃圾也越来越多
% e' s2 J2 O" I' t　　2、人们的环保意识很淡薄5 B9 H. E4 K" T  k% T" `' S
　　3、处理垃圾技术不成熟，需要时间和资金8 N& a- H- a9 h
　　解决：
/ o* ?, A7 M3 s. b, W9 A) V, c4 I　　1、发展环保型产品，减少垃圾的产生量和对环境的危害性（例：减少one-off一次性物品）
4 }6 F' K& W. T9 Z; y* v8 M　　2、加大投资发展有效的垃圾处理技术（用垃圾发电，用垃圾制造建筑材料等）
( d3 v# D9 l% y$ {+ S" I* T( K- v　　3、加强公众的环保意识，呼吁大家保护环境，为了下一代
5 J1 ?. R4 v' i, C& q2 j* e　　国家应该花钱在武器上还是帮助本国的穷人
1 \) d' v, o. \0 f7 z9 n　　帮助穷人：7 u! ?  d7 @- U8 D/ J/ ~
　　1、当今世界的主题是和平与发展
+ H" N' j" W" Q8 \　　2、一个国家的国际地位international status是他的政治、经济、文化、军事水平的综合体现integrate embodiment，若一味发展武器，不重视经济发展，不关心人民疾苦；其结果必然导致国内人民生活困苦lead a hard life; 经济困难economic hardship，经济水平level低下，难以得到公众支持。（象一些军国主义的militaristic国家，已经有能力或正在研制核武器，而他们的人民却连温饱have enough food and clothing; dress warmly and eat one‘s fill问题都不能解决）; g- K' W. R: f1 P$ g  S
　　3、只有人民的生活富裕affluent了，他们才愿意为了国家的发展做贡献，而只有赢得win了民心，国家才能真正强大了，国际地位才能够得到提高。7 k+ G5 y) l  N- ]  R" i/ A
　　舆论public opinion/voice, consensus
! B! m; ~7 @$ D9 P2 T　　大学里钱投资在理科上还是文科上
8 k& K# p; ]! @* e4 Y! B) L0 p　　文理并重：
% G" ~( W$ ?8 N1 j: N5 u　　1、确实是由于现代科技创造了现代物质文明civilization，科学家门的辛勤工作，给我们带来了物质的极大丰富
7 ]% N: }2 C1 W1 T/ H% c　　2、但是同时我们的精神生活也得到了极大的丰富enrich（文学家litterateur作品，法学家legist社会秩序化，哲学家philosopher教我们以理性…）0 S4 A& f9 Y. J
　　3、尽管有些人认为应该投资理科，他们认为社会的进步是由于科学家的贡献得到的，却不知道，假如没有文科学生的贡献，没有这些社会工作者social worker，这些文学家、法学家们的辛勤劳动，社会将难以维持健康、和平、稳定的秩序，人们也就无法以良好的精神状态从事科学工作
( z% F7 ?9 s* _& t, R　　所以并重，为了文理科的公平发展，更为了社会的平衡发展，最终达到物质文明和精神spirit文明的共同丰富。
! L3 J0 u3 C* g9 U3 v0 N　　城市扩大化，原因是什么？这是一个好发展还是一个坏发展expand, enlarge
3 L/ z+ U7 e& s! n& _　　原因：
2 e9 X- @% p( x2 F( c　　1、工业化industrialized的过程实际上就是城市扩大化的过程，在工业化的过程中，同时需要与之 　配套的equip, correlative相关联的的服务业和市场的发展（education, shopping center,
; N& q: X& r! H8 L. L, {: Q& F　　entertainment），这就促进城市的发展和扩大3 U4 w. \- f, I- C
　　2、城市人口不断增加，一方面科技的发展使得农业所需要的劳动力越来越少，农村有了很多富余劳动力redundant labour force；另一方面城市丰富的物质生活和娱乐设施以及更多的工作机会，吸引了越来越多的农村人口涌入城市，使城市人口不断增加，为了适应这种发展，城市不得不向郊区和周边地区不断扩展outskirt suburb。2 _0 u  n) o; F
　　3、国家政策的原因，如在中国鼓励中小城市的发展，鼓励农民进城，促进城镇企业enterprise的发展，并且拉动消费。( ^1 ^: B! T6 l. P! U6 ?; g
　　好发展：拉动消费，刺激经济增长（特别是对于目前中国这样的农业人口大国），有利GDP增长9 L+ b+ v  p, Y4 p  l. U
　　坏发展：资源紧缺（水、电、住房housing problem）；交通拥挤；环境恶化；管理难度加大。
0 ~7 u+ ?: z3 S% f
4 Z. c6 V1 z+ M' q　　人们逃避现代生活的压力和紧张方式不同.
# u# H( F( S# V+ J2 o; M" m6 R$ K　　Some read; some exercise; others work in their gardens. What do you think are the best ways of reducing stress?
9 C5 \& {+ ^$ [　　Exercise:) J9 d  G( D: ~0 ^& H0 p
　　1、是自己喜爱的运动，会全身心投入进去，忘了烦恼。是一种很好的宣泄方式outlet，通过物理的运动和身体上的劳累可以缓解心理上的压力。relieve one‘s feelings
+ ~" c9 B" s, X* b. n　　2、运动时身边的其他人和你有着共同兴趣，却不会让你想起工作的环境中的金钱、职位等纷争，和他们之间的交流会帮助你缓解压力。
( I+ K+ h* e; ~; h" z　　3、运动不但减轻了心理压力mentally, psychological，有益心理健康发展；而且使身体得到锻炼，有益身体健康。
- _* @8 Y3 {! i: ~2 G9 u5 F: G& l　　其他方式同样有效，不同人有不同选择，可以结合多种方法( V5 X7 g6 B! V
　　refresh消除疲劳；恢复精神
1 b8 W6 R* R4 p! ^- s7 s　　Version 81" p4 c" X! t( Y+ Y) J5 @
　　机器人是给人们带来好处还是危险，今后intelligent machines 象robots 会越来越多的应用它将能做许多人类能做的事请讨论这种想法benefits和dangers,假设将来机器人可以做所有的事情，要你说优点(profit)和缺点危险性danger.
1 D; ], l* t% \3 }+ s5 x* C9 x　　优点：9 t) Q8 _! \& |$ L
　　1、可以代替人类到危险的环境中进行工作，或者完成一些不适于人类去做的工作（例，登月球；排险机器人eliminate risk）
! R$ g0 d1 I' k) w; N- h　　2、使用机器人去做一些repetitive work（welding robot） , 一方面可以提高工件的加工精度，保证产品质量的稳定性（不象人类会劳累会出错），提高劳动生产率labour productivity， raise productivity提高生产率；另一方面使人类有更多时间去从事创造性creative工作 　缺点：& I. U5 b" E8 Y% ]
　　1、大量使用机器人会使得更多人失去工作（失业问题unemployment, jobless, unemployed man），犯罪率上升，影响社会稳定2 ?+ X# c" j  R. A. g; Z
　　2、过于依赖intelligent machines，（遥控remote control）会影响人类自身能力的发展。例：在小学生中计算器calculater的使用，使越来越不爱动脑，影响了他们对数学的兴趣，影响他们对数学概念的理解；impair数学能力;不利于逻辑思维能力ability of logic thought的发展）
  }5 U- X$ T6 o2 e. U7 V2 G# g8 s　　3、遥控(remote control)机器人，使人们越来越远离现场practice，分析解决实际问题的能力越来越差，实践动手能力也越来越差。analyse. w& w2 ~2 j) P( S: h2 z$ Y9 {+ b0 D
　　4、intelligent machines的功能越来越强大，但却被一些不法分子用于evil purpose;（例，用网络传播transmit电脑病毒；利用电脑窃取国家机密secret）' Z3 t$ f; g# }6 B" t1 z+ N

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　　是说现在有人用live animals 进行research.有人觉得cruel and unnecessary;有人认为是
: r2 }7 Z! w! b: @　　可行的for the interests of human.Discuss the two views
. Z2 X7 ]6 p+ J" U　　1、不同意 & q$ F% W" c- [" Q$ U/ h: T
　　一方面动物和人是平等的，科学研究表明动物的基因和人类的基因基本相同，拿动物来做实验是不公平的，现在很多国家都立法保护动物；另一方面用动物做活体实验，太过于残忍； cruel, brutal ，live活的 dissection/dissect 解剖,切开9 U. e0 W2 {6 H+ b
　　2、同意
: a/ @8 ]3 g0 B" ]1 O5 r　　同等情况下，人的生命权优于动物(priority)，还有很多人在经受病痛的折磨,为了研究出更多更好的治疗方法或药品，临床实验clinical experiment是必不可少的indispensable, inevitable，动物成为首选实验对象。
4 S" j5 {: E) P, A, M3 }, e　　结论：; K  F, T2 W2 w
　　动物实验太残忍，太不人道（go against humanism人道主义）
! X! u7 |2 R6 T- G　　应该尽量避免使用动物做实验，（学校生物课中的解剖实验应该被取缔ban, 可以用其他教学形式,multimedia）0 f/ r/ s& }  D, ~  i$ c
　　相信随着科技的发展一定能有更好的办法来取代活体动物实验: m* U3 H% ~8 W. N

6 ?. u5 U8 a. Y" J8 u5 W　　 Version 83.
  O% j. S# G3 Y9 @6 B　　 It is said that today people‘s live are becoming increasingly stressful. What‘s the reason of it occur and how to solve the problem?
0 Q' ]" H) M7 c4 o1 }　　原因：
0 n* c( j4 m7 c; z0 ?% Y: Q" x　　1、现在的工作对人的综合要求越来越高，人们很难再凭借简单的技能或重复性的简单劳动来获取一份丰厚的收入（过去，只要知道操作电脑或者会一点外语，就能找一份好工作；而现在，外语和计算机已经成为了必须的基本技能） 　2、失业率增加，fierce competition竞争激烈intense，使人们不得不加倍努力工作和学习新的技能以确保自己竞争能力，确保自己能跟上时代的步伐。（白领，dating agency）
6 S3 I# \% M  B7 T　　解决：
1 W6 t9 S. f( k: j2 J, g　　1、**：创造更多就业机会，缓解就业压力；提供更好的社会福利。" S+ A% W* n$ |) L8 E* r3 ?
　　2、个人：学会自我调节adjust，学会自我满足，不要终日汲汲于名利场,要学会生活。5 _# [  V3 D& N. \" p$ g

8 {' [7 s, Y0 g0 T2 @　　Version 842 i% Y7 j' k( N1 E# ?8 a/ f
　　是写现在对老人来说到老人院里比和家里那些忙着工作的下一代在一起要好就这些说说你的看法老人生活在养老院好还是在家好( g* U8 Z0 e/ `
　　养老院：
5 E3 r  w- C  J# R2 p* }　　1、专业的设备，专业的服务人员，能更科学，更全面的照顾老人的健康，而且能够及时处理一些突发的问题（心脏病突发a heart attack）+ v) R; H6 @' t" J; ^+ M, }  C' f
　　2、生活在养老院里的都是老人，他们有更多共同语言和兴趣爱好，以及相似的身体状况，这样他们的生活能更充实。
8 V. h7 f. V8 l# I7 |　　3、尽管有人认为将老人送到养老院会影响老人和子女的关系，但是由于社会竞争激烈，工作压力大，子女们往往都忙于工作，无暇照顾老人；而在养老院有专人看护，孩子们也可以经常来看望，这样更有利于老人健康。
. ]: r, R% N$ h& Q* T& I" O+ ~  ^7 P　　家：
$ X: x" ^/ x2 q- R　　1、子女对于老人的各种状况（身体，心理，爱好，生活习惯…）最为了解，老人在家能够得到最合适的，也是最无微不至meticulous的照顾。3 x- e* _7 C; |4 i; X. i
　　2、在中国，由子女来照顾老人是一种传统，也被认为是孩子们应尽的义务obligation，上一代为了下一代的成长付出了无数辛苦painstaking，那么在父母年纪大的时候，也应该由子女来照顾他们。Extended family
* O' P  i' `2 o  \) w+ E　　3、尽管有人认为忙着工作的下一代往往忽视和老人的感情交流，不如让老人在养老院里，能得到专业照顾，而且和其他老人在一起能有更多共同语言。但是，感情的交流不在于时间的长短，有时几句简短的问候，一个简单的动作就能够表达亲人之间关心，而这种家庭的感觉是难以在养老院中得到的，实际上对于老人来说，这种感觉也是最重要的。) b/ W. n  r( M. I& q3 j8 E
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　　Scientific and technology advance was benefit in our daily life today. However, most of scientists no longer be able to find the solutions of the problems they have created. To what extent do you agree or disagree. Tell reasons.0 u# T: ^6 b5 E- T& m" `  q8 m( ]4 S, ]
　　1. new invention (computer phone etc) more and more change people live .
3 x4 e2 w$ @9 B$ h5 s+ G; ~" b　　2. will it bring some positve or negtive effect ?# S5 t8 ]. g" U9 E- L
　　3. answer your questions with your relevent example of your experenice
7 J2 {, U7 K4 `4 c. P: p作文是写科学创造了现代社会可有人认为科学家在今后不再可能有什么科技创造了你认为如何
- P$ l) D* a0 ^! n4 T8 _! D% J　　同意：
" U$ k5 C& D: g　　1、科学是个纯理论的范畴，而科研的结果的应用则是个政治、军事或社会问题；不应把科学的负面责任归于科学家门，并希望由他们来解决这些问题。实际上这些问题已远远超出了科学领域，是一个社会问题，其解决也应从社会方面入手。For example,clone , atomic energy
% n+ r$ ]" A: O" t+ V$ ]" E. P+ A' b3 S$ _7 ?6 J
　　V 88
6 {* _& @2 x  S/ f　　**是否应该限制艺术家门的IDEAS。Creative artists should be given weth freedom to express their ideas(words,pictures,musics and films .however some people think government should take some restriction weth them.to what extent do you agree or disagree this opinion. give your reasons with own knowledge and give examples.
) Q  o& z: }0 Y+ x, n8 G2 I- S　　不限制的原因：
! p; W0 [# F$ H1 a; }　　1． 文明：这是一种自由，现代社会是一个自由的社会，一个人只要用不违法的方式表达他本人的想法并付诸实施就是自己的自由，而自由恰恰体现了一个国家的文明程度。
* Y9 Z3 H, \5 B7 F+ v- x! [+ l, z　　2． 教育：艺术家们的自由发挥就是一种革新的意识，而革新意识正式现代人们所必须具备的才能，通过艺术家们富有创造性的作品，能启发人们的革新意识和创新意识，这对教育人们有着莫大的帮助6 l8 N0 y% z8 @# o, @
　　3． 经济和文化：**和社会如果能给艺术家们一个自由发挥和创作的空间和氛围，这有利于本国艺术的提高，更可以使的艺术能成为一种新兴的产业，不仅丰富了人们的精神生活还有利于本国经济的增长。（在这里要编一个理由，比如：根据一项调查表明，艺术市场越丰富和壮大的国家，它们的国内生产总值更高。反正这又不是写论文，没人要你写出自哪篇调查报告）* \. L. ]: K- @  m
　　当然，文章里还要提及一下适当的限制) q+ p' ^* X1 z9 [
　　就象a coin has its two sides.过分的自由也会导致一些不良的后果和影响。
$ ^" p0 C) m5 t( Z4 G$ r( m　　1． 道德：如今一些艺术家只强调自己的创作，而不考虑社会和他人的利益，从而引发了一些社会问题，例如在别人干净的墙上乱写乱画呀，写一些不顾后果的文章等等。对于这些，**应该采取措施加以制止和引导。3 r$ v1 Z& _! H/ D+ E, ]
　　Version 89
; x1 p5 j/ e! N: Q4 w　　People worldwide are increasingly traveling abroad to work for period of months or years. ) }- Q0 F0 f1 }+ x6 e
　　This phenomenon brings both advantages and disadvantages. , a6 n5 Z1 D9 \* A0 R& r
　　Give your opinion4 x8 w5 B) i/ a: X# N+ f
　　Advantage:8 o$ V+ ~9 E5 j6 H: J- K& T" [
　　1．经济：这是一个全球化的趋势，出国工作能使他们的收入增加，这有助于提高人们的经济收入。 　- K% b9 T1 W5 h# F( U
2．交流：人们出国工作，能带回国外先进的管理和生产经验，并把本国的技术和知识带给其他国家的企业和员工，这是一种国际化的交流；文化上的交流。& s. t5 D3 ?1 [3 {* ~. g
　　3．趋势：随着全球化的日益发展，国际间的合作不仅仅限于**间的合作，更多的是企业、商业等的联系，而国际间人员的相互交流正是适应这一趋势的必然结果。压制这种现象恰恰是阻碍一个国家发展的的原因之一。
5 {/ n6 y1 S& N8 f　　Disadvantage:  M/ J( k4 J2 U0 ~6 Z
　　1． 情感：人们长期在国外工作势必影响与家人以及朋友的联系，而很多事实表明，那些长期在外工作的人们经常会想家，以至于影响工作。 2． 人才外流：不可否认，对于那些发展中国家来说（以中国为例），大量的优秀的人员输送到了国外，这是一种人才的外流，对于他们原来工作的单位和国家都是一种损失。 3．教育：事实上，国内培养的人员在一定程度上适应不了国外的管理，而且其知识水平也于其在国外的工作有冲突。这就需要进行再教育和培训，对于雇佣他们的公司来说是一种负担。 4．不适应陌生的社会、文化环境，语言交流上的困难及文化的差异会引起一些不必要的误会和偏见。
) _( d8 f2 d! l" h5 [+ w
1 x" J0 S" i$ T. e# F5 l, ]; ^. E: V$ O　　V 90" q6 d4 q8 M$ s% Z+ `5 M
　　The rate of young women crimes is rising in the current society. What are the causes and how to solve it?" T7 H6 j! ^7 m2 z( w  s* Y2 U, g
　　原因：
1 D. k' }1 a0 Y( r! y: O$ X　　1．家庭方面：家庭教育的缺乏或失败（父母忙于工作，离异等），使孩子得不到很好的教育和照顾，而女孩相对男孩来说独立性较差，在心理上的依赖性较强，而且比较容易轻信别人，因而很容易受坏人诱骗而犯罪。
4 S& g4 N% Q; d+ s, i　　2．社会方面：暴力、色情电影、电视、书刊充斥街头，1 I9 U9 D2 l, A3 w
　　3、由于很多女性的虚荣心理，在面对peers’的名牌服饰，高级化妆品等，一些不太富裕的女性就选择了不道德的手段甚至犯罪去得到这些luxuries.
, l# J) {$ M3 f$ O, j/ a　　解决：% o1 I1 `% S* g. e7 {
　　1、从教育方面，a.给女性提供更多的教育，帮助使她们的心理能够健康发展（人生观、价值观correct outlook of the world），b.父母和社会要加强对年轻女孩的照顾,特别是父母应该教给女孩一些社会经验，帮助她们区分好坏，让她们学会自我保护。/ ?1 a, Y2 W8 z  ^3 r" I4 W* b9 j
　　2、从社会环境来说，社会要限制暴力电影发行，限制年轻女孩去观看，净化社会环境。创造一个良好的社会环境。9 h# j3 Y4 M3 a6 ^3 W' U

+ y) I, p; m8 `5 f　　V913 ^, T+ F* E# c: ^0 k7 P" J
　　体育专业是否应该拿钱比其他重要的专业多.两方面讨论,还要举例子" _, x2 G9 N1 \6 f* T& B" j
同意的理由：6 U. x- j3 C, t+ I( l- `( f
　　1、体育目前是一个很大并且很有前途的产业（成千上万的体育迷），具有巨大的商业价值，它推动了整个国民经济的发展，作为这一产业的支柱，运动员们理应得到丰厚的报酬。& ]# v/ A* N. R+ A9 K
　　2、给人们带来精神上的娱乐，巨大的娱乐作用entertain and excite audience
0 E, L5 E3 u! i　　3、需要有特殊的技能，是对他们辛苦训练劳动的回报（平时训练、比赛容易受伤），运动寿命短。Salaries should reflect people’s dedication and job responsibilities; O* d. M) k9 @6 s! L
　　不同意的理由：
4 X4 c8 |1 a# ]" o& L1 Y　　1、体育界的黑暗现象：（兴奋剂exhilarant，假球黑哨、足球暴力、虚报年龄cheat referees and spectators，bribe the judges and referees, disobeying game rules），整体道德败坏现象，影响了整个社会的健康发展。his disobeying game rules sets a bad example for young people, and his abandoned behavior encourages people to experiment with sex and violence.% q6 R$ n7 v4 D: `* \) D
　　2、尽管运动员付出了艰辛的劳动，但其他行业的人们也付出了巨大的努力，很多做着普通工作的人（科学家，医生most people in ‘ordinary’ professions like nurses, doctors and teachers earn only a small fraction of the income of these “stars”. 但他们的工作也需要特殊的技能和long education,对整个社会也有do good,没有他们社会无法发展）Their salaries should relate to skill, education or the value of the individual to society.1 F$ T" ^  e- {* B# X

2 J* x" M- p5 t% |! b* n% B　　v92
/ }' q/ ]  R4 {; h+ c　　the spread of English and development of international tourism mainly negatively effect the local language and culture, to what extent ,do you agree?# C, t: }! u( D; c$ J5 ~1 _
　　正面论点：
6 M! c) g* f6 p5 q& B: |　　1，英语的普及和旅游发展会增加世界各地间的沟通，促进先进的文化和技术的交流，从而带动世界经济的发展。
" K7 @4 U+ k7 o' L! M. N0 T　　2。人们出国旅游的目的是为了欣赏不同的文化，为了能够吸引更多的海外游客，只有保持和加强自己的文化特色，所以国际旅游会加强这种保护作用。
8 P/ o+ \" E, _! ?( h/ x　　3．旅游业发展能带动地区经济发展，有了足够的资金，人们能够更好的保护自己的语言和文化。% n) p' N; m' ?
　　4．英语并不会给其他语种带来不利影响，他们的地方语言是几千年的发展结果，不是一下可以改变的，英语的普及只是为国际间的交流提供了更方便的工具。
; ^) [" q* V8 G　　伤害：
1 ~" f+ W: x) ^8 @: e　　1．英语的流行使更多不发达的国家的人民有机会接触和学习英语，而且在一定程度上会是他们认为会英语才能使他们在今后的人生中获得他们理想的工作从而实现他们的人生目标。所以很多学生花了多于其他学科几倍的时间去学习英语，相反他们对于本民族的语言和传统文化却有所忽视，（例）这样就不利于整个民族文化的保持和发展。 　
4 }# G! E5 n1 l& F) _+ m7 B　2。国际旅游业的发展使更多的人能走出国门，去看看外面的世界，其中的发展中国家或贫穷国家。当他们看到世界上发达国家时往往会被当地的文化和生活所吸引，这就导致了大量移民的产生，大部分的移民是掌握了一定技术或具有一定资金的人，从而这些国家的人才大量流失，在一定程度上影响了发展中国家的发展。! m, F- y8 E7 @7 {/ ^& z, r( q. o
　　V93
5 g" U& D) z/ k. Y* @5 v$ h3 H& _3 @现在很多国家的学校存在很严重的问题是由于学生态度引起的，这些问题是怎样形成的，你有什么建议来改变这种情况。
' D+ j; P# J- F, E　　一。学校内治安差，经常发生暴力事件的问题
, f" ^% k5 b+ s' Q0 h　　原因：+ c; s) z, U9 Q/ Z9 _
　　1。暴力电影、电视、小说等看太多，影响了他们对社会的看法0 o/ q- L, {1 }6 X; R
　　2.整个社会治安环境的影响4 k- l4 U3 B% D
　　解决：3 s0 D1 _" ]8 H( B7 C
　　1。**应大力倡导健康生活，限制暴力电影的播出或发行. v! r$ A! \9 a5 ]) y
　　2。学校也应该加强教育，灌输正确的世界观，指导学生参加学校的健康活动
' r0 M" W7 G* e, u　　二。冷门专业生源少( u$ p7 e3 }  |4 A8 a. L: T! e
　　原因：) J8 O* X+ I$ ~+ w5 g% Q
　　1。学生只重视热门专业。
& ~: U7 f/ P" k( A+ c! I　　2。学生对该专业了解不多，认为枯燥乏味。  ?6 ?" n& W' b, u8 C( \1 l
　　解决：$ Q; n( n/ |  R. C' l
　　1。学校方面应做好宣传，宣传各冷门专业的前景，让学生们有信心
/ r% x. E6 ~6 B　　2。学生自身应认识到，热门专业和冷门专业之间的优势和劣势。
' S1 t/ h: Y% h4 A1 Z# V7 C　　三。毕业率低的问题。9 X6 r. }  k1 x+ A* g
　　原因：
6 O" c7 E9 k' j　　1。学生由于经济困难等等原因，在社会上打工赚钱，学习的时间、精力因此不够，或者干脆休学
% l, R" x- M$ h! t; [　　2。学生厌烦学习，认为学习枯燥，对学习丧失兴趣
7 b5 e$ z# O0 g8 Q/ ?( u- d; O1 U　　解决：+ b1 s. O7 W- d- B
　　1。从学校方面——降低学费,提供奖学金
7 Q' J, R. \" ?2 E　　2。从**方面——严格限制学生校外打工的时间和场所
1 t  w; b! C; u' G( }　　3．学校、社会要尽量帮助、资助贫困学生，帮助他们完成学业。1 O. Q$ `! G6 ]7 f$ J: W- W
　　一定要注意的一点是，题目是很多国家的学校，而不是中国的学校，不可以拿中国学校的特殊问题来代替世界范围内的问题。即使提及中国，也只能说以中国为例; |- c) \( y5 E' _* x) N; u9 M3 P
　　V94：越来越多的妇女去工作，有一些人建议**应该为这些妇女的孩子提供看护孩子的人和一些基本设施，而且免费提供，你的观点是什么？同意或不同意？
* {1 k' [/ e, s) O5 C3 p- j　　正面观点：
2 d/ D' C( c, t' Z) z. }; F% x　　1，有助于社会的平衡和男女平等。
( s. R2 r/ V0 L# Z; W$ f( q　　2，专业人士和专业设备，有助于孩子的成长。
1 R# v/ t/ u2 x　　3。可以让妇女们更安心的工作，提高起工作效率，有利于经济。
" ?* z! y  x: D4 m　　4。可以增进**与市民的关系，有利于社会稳定
9 x+ l/ x6 h$ c  ~4 W/ ]1 q7 V　　5。以中国的国情来说，孩子很多，而要提供的人员和物质是大批的，所以雇佣这些人员可 7 z$ q/ H' v9 A# m2 c; r/ L3 M
　　以提高就业机会，而生产这些物资也可以创造一个产业！ 　
! c9 t4 ^5 e# w/ j! X* ^! l3 _( I% F反面观点：
$ l2 ], |3 N5 V% ~% a2 D9 R6 p　　1。增加**负担。: E) @; B; q* u) v# ^/ }) E
　　2。让妇女不经常照看自己的孩子，可能会使母和孩子的感情疏远。
: N2 ]2 \0 X' m3 l9 ]9 A4 V9 |2 Y　　3。 照顾孩子是家庭和社会共同的责任，而且父母对孩子的教育占了很重要的部分。有了这种免费的午餐，这样一方面可能使得很多父母更依赖于社会来照顾孩子，甚至有些父母会把照顾孩子的责任完全交给社会，逃避自己的义务。另一方面父母在孩子教育中的角色越来越轻，会影响孩子身心的健康成长。, [5 ~/ S# s! p. X
　　v95男女分校优缺点
7 [& V, z; y; g5 X, F& }　　题 目: Re:v95男女分校优缺点: Z2 F2 X9 J) M- s
　　缺点：
8 U" t8 h8 ^$ @1 y3 G4 x% V　　1.不适合将来的社会，因为社会是男女共同的社会
5 i: c9 w% i# J" V) @　　2.不同性别之间的思想交流有益学习, 有利于弥补各自性格上的不足
# r# [( d# [  F" d5 f$ F　　3.有助于学生身心发展，特别是青春期的心理3 x+ s# Q1 w8 E5 ?
　　4.刻意的扼杀，反而事得其反 - |" W3 K2 C6 H& R
　　2。情感+交流。男女同校更有利于学生情感的培养，相对于男女分校的学生，他们更能与8 U, T$ T. z/ ^; q, H$ I4 A
　　同年龄的异性交流。
& M( r/ J- B, W6 N　　3。效率。（编造）根据一项调查，男女同校的学生学习的效率很高。
" h( U0 @; U2 w! S5 f　　优点：( R5 ?# G8 F, ]* V! F% m2 u
　　1. 方便。男女分校在处理各自问题的时候，更加方便，没有性别的障碍。
8 V# q6 V  {# |+ Y: J. ^4 @　　2. 还有男女分校可以避免早恋的出现，避免过多love affairs，which 会影响学习
( k0 m* W$ s8 M$ l　　3. 由于男女思维方式的差别，能更详细系统的分课程分不同教学方法教学5 t9 {# d7 Y# q1 }' m" d$ Z
　　4. 有利于学校管理
$ t& U2 A. h( \8 }8 D. n, k6 {7 y& `: F; J
　　V 967 k( E' B3 Q+ @( P$ D
　　Task 2 : Televesion is dangerous because it destory the family living and communit. Some people said that it abosorb peoples‘ time too much so that they have no time to talk about each other. In what extent do you agree or disagree, give your opinion.
* f& U2 q5 e0 p6 f　　Do you agree or disagree with this?"...+ R. D6 [( D! H
　　同意：
8 R  A+ N. A" a0 `4 W3 P. m　　人们的确每天花很多时间看电视，而花很少的时间和家人、朋友交流，人们的社交活动有所
$ _* y& t: J$ K& K1 v9 y+ N　　减少。
8 ]3 \. A* s4 `* h4 |+ O　　电视活动的危害
& X+ Y( I& m. n7 a: T  O7 J( H　　 1、.对身体的危害（视力eyesight、couch potato、吃饭时影响消化等）8 c: O  i$ ^8 `4 D8 a# ~5 W
　　 2、对精神上的危害（电视暴力、虚幻世界、与现实反差而导致的失望）
4 h$ |4 H; Q$ J3 I* J0 [　　总结：电视有危害，而且浪费宝贵时间，如果用于和家人、朋友的感情交流，学习，感受大自然……，会有更大的益处。
1 U  p' f  R; f! f4 x/ a) r! f- F& P　　电视的益处：
9 t" }7 Z" d+ m0 P) `  P5 L3 {　　获取信息（快速、形象），娱乐* S2 r/ y( ]& y/ h0 O
　　一家人一起收看喜欢的节目，并且一起讨论，可以促进一家人之间的感情交流；一些热门节目的主题多半是关于一些大家共同关心的话题，比如“今日说法”，大家都喜欢谈论它的内容，这样为大家提供了共同的话题，促进交流。) U( l" `; X) a3 D- C; `
　　沉溺于电视节目会有危害。但如果合理的安排收看时间和选择合适有益的节目。电视有益。: L- C3 p% ~' P, X% }

- E3 U' t# J% w3 H/ z) kPart-Time Job 学生兼职的好处! @: ?& X; I  \! t, W
1. Help cultivate independence and develop a strong sense of responsibility.
3 n; `1 r1 h# r) c8 A6 |( Q2. Foster a sense of competition and cooperation, which is quite necessary in one’s future career.4 j( r' K6 u4 i. D0 q6 w+ y
3. Build up one’s confidence and offer one a sense of achievement (accomplishment), because one can realize his value and capability.
' D9 D0 A* W# v. c9 S* a) R4. Learn to cooperate and master interpersonal skills, which are needed for future success." e. r$ p. |/ v7 }7 o* U/ r
5. Ease the financial strain of their family and at the same time one can enjoy a more colorful and interesting campus life with the hard-earned money.
6 Q6 z7 s& @, c6. Widen one’s horizon / Broaden one’s mind / broaden one’s scope of knowledge.. ]9 D9 a/ n. y$ r. ]) t8 G& `
7. Getting a job can give you spending money and valuable work experience.7 ]+ C0 C& U& A& N: k+ U
Overseas Study 出国留学的好处
7 G9 u4 D1 B. p& B: Q3 Q# q1. Widen one’s horizon / Broaden one’s mind / broaden one’s scope of knowledge.
( C( w' F; a; t' r! s4 z2. Experience a new culture and master a fluent foreign language.
" d/ N' C; a% C+ ?3 \7 s3. Better prospects / promising future
% J) C4 Y0 s( q) U4. Develop interpersonal skills and learn to be independent.
2 z' C( ]) G6 {9 R0 k5. Highly qualified, well experienced teaching staffs and excellent research facilities.
& l% Y  A/ F* m9 f# R- j9 b5 O6. Overseas study let you immense asset in the competitive job market.
( Y0 F7 P. I5 m, U. x' W7. Studying abroad is the ideal chance to travel, make new friends, expand your horizons and learn more about both the world and yourself. It may help you to realize what you want to do in your career, plus you’ll have time to think about what you want to achieve.! ]" w1 C1 H6 C7 G1 M+ k8 G
8. It will change your life and put you a step head of the rest. Study abroad can offer you an exciting, challenging and valuable opportunity.
9 j9 V$ {( O! f& C/ F+ F9. There is no doubt that your overseas study will change you in some way or another. You will develop a broader mind, a wider understanding of the world around you, better social skills, improved self-confidence and you’ll be more adaptable.$ D' T1 H  f$ c+ N+ Z# l
10. The experiences you have and the people you meet will provide you with many lifelong memories that you’ll cherish forever.. T* ]: y2 s; V" P( t  R+ T
Tele-Education 远程教育: G3 T# j' o0 q% W- C% [$ g
1. (优点): Improve the flexibility of learning in terms of space, time, choice of content or teaching resources.
/ W9 m" e* ^8 Z$ h* N( f9 w' R2. (优点): Make life-long study possible., {! R! t% ?: {4 C* y4 {  i# Z, |: q
3. Face-to-face contact can never be replaced. In traditional classroom, students and teachers can communicate directly and freely.
: L' V8 r! {. K' H! Q5 l4 j! C4. Students receiving tele-education tend to be socially unadaptable, lacking the necessary interpersonal skills.+ r2 x, }. I& E, `( C) O
5. The students are unable to cultivate teamwork spirit, cooperation and competition.
$ v8 W3 r+ I- K9 c' `+ t! A6. In traditional classroom, by discussing with the classmates and exchanging ideas with the teacher, students learn how to share the ideas and methods with each other and how to cooperate with each other to seek a better solution. However, students can not do so through tele-education.0 }$ ?8 r1 n, ~7 }
7. Learning at home encourages children to live an indolent life with lax discipline.
  d+ A$ K, x6 o( U8. The traditional school is a place where children get training of the mind and character to produce self-control, habits of obedience as well as learn to write and read,: p& V) E; O; R$ n4 D2 U
9. Lack adequate physical exercises, resulting in the deterioration of one’s physical health.9 D5 t) t% q1 `# n' f
School Violence 校园暴力问题
3 ^7 X0 O# X% Y- |Present Situation. V% }. t- |! ^5 ~5 s
1. There is definitely a problem with school violence today. The last several years have shown us that violence in our school is more common today than ever before.# m6 L5 [" H0 {  @- p( b# C
2. Violence in schools has become a big problem in today’s society. Whether the violence has to do with guns, knives, or just a simple fight, school violence is getting a litter out of hand.
+ |" z3 z1 d" g3. It is traditional believed that schools are safest place in children’s lives, but are we all so sure that this is true anymore.+ B# V1 U; U. f7 R( ?3 e8 H
4. They create a disturbance, interfere with classroom instruction, and disrupt normal school operations.
" g+ D, K+ v2 f, {% JCauses
% h: S5 l6 o6 \* D1. The spread of gangs and drugs has also been implicated in the increasing violence of school youths.- q7 I" T' F) W" P7 g: c; ?+ C
2. The use of drugs in general population has become a very serious problem in society and within the school system..* ?0 Y2 C# e$ |" @$ ^3 {: I  f/ O
3. Schools are often blamed for the ills of society, yet society has a major impact on our education system. The problems that schools are facing today are certainly connected to the problems that our society faces, including drugs, violence, and the changing of our family structure.
1 Q+ W$ _0 c8 B( I7 t7 [( ?4. Obsessions with things like violent games and TV shows lead violent acts.
" F( [0 N2 y- Z9 c7 {/ [4 ?5. There is excessive violence and pornography in mass media that is misleading, exaggerative and false. Teenagers are so immature, ignorant and sequacious that they can hardly distinguish right from wrong and easily go astray.8 i( w: h' m; y6 y# ~" Y) {
6. If these children have difficulty controlling their impulses when they are troubled, they may turn to extreme measures, including violence.
" }4 C8 p4 p0 ]+ \+ r7. Some children spend limited time with their families. They lack adequate emotional exchanges with their family members. They occupy themselves with activities that involve little social interaction, such as electronic games, television and the Internet.
) P) W! j! {# G% K7 `- O- K! I7 v, [; v" JSolutions
) n1 ?' P5 O2 I$ w1. Schools provide education about drugs to young students.3 i& X: B: l! o: g3 X
2. Make violence prevention programs available in every community.: `4 A3 a, w' W2 ~2 ?
3. Increase security measures to ensure that weapons are not available on campus.0 @; ^1 E+ H( y5 \
4. Add curricula and counseling to educate children about their feelings and how to resolve conflicts without resorting to violence.  I' T3 `& P5 ^
5. Encourage students to report crimes or activities that make them suspicious.' D5 Q+ q( X( m% |! ~& j8 E1 Y
6. Learn and teach conflict resolution and anger management skills. Help the students practice applying them in everyday life.' L! o  w2 `# w) p" o' u; J
Public school or Private School 公立还是私立学校; U2 J& d) `/ G( h
Public School (各个阶层,种族; 便宜; 历史悠久**关注)6 W) i+ b& T0 I; ]0 F
1. Public education is the fundamental way to prepare children from diverse ethnic, religious, and class backgrounds to live as responsible citizens in a democracy.
) m; d) O8 \; Q) v& a3 d5 d2. The tuition of public in China is comparatively low, thus enabling the poor children to have easier access to education.$ J  O0 y* g8 {- A* @; n" b- @
3. Serve the lower and middle class minority, reducing disparities between disadvantaged and other students.
3 y6 ~6 L: e6 c5 n+ ~6 x4. Public schooling has a long history in most industrialized countries.% h2 R& h5 Z6 P
Private School, C$ j7 K5 k* e$ {2 k' M
1. Small size of classes.
' e) v4 Z8 v8 D  N( a; m& Z/ g2. Attract more qualified and experienced teachers with more funds.
; s3 W5 v. }% N3. Private schools have an ample supply of teaching resources (facilities).
3 l3 Y) l! [2 j4. First class teaching facilities, advanced equipment and beautiful environment.
) Z. }, ?" g" [5. This sort of school system most effectively serves different people’s educational needs.' J, M0 b9 G! z
Uniforms in School 校服" H8 V  o" x! q/ L
1. They are an infringement on students’ freedom. Everyone has the right to choice what to wear.% E- f+ }) A# }. w* v
2. Uniforms deprive students of their right of choice: every one is entitled to what he likes to wear.# X% B' B/ {$ v" F
3. The forced wearing of uniforms will hinder children’s development of creativity and imaginative capability.
) |; H3 t" h( {# @1 j7 [4. Uniforms have an adverse impact on the mental development of the students./ [* Z0 R- Y9 B2 Z' ^
5. Uniforms discourage individuality and creativity." h4 z) O3 j  n$ i$ m' z, O
6. Hinder the development of their ability in aesthetics.$ b3 m' K: ]& S; X1 X" T
7. If children are allowed to choose what they like will make them more self-confident, they will feel that they can decide on their own affairs and will have thoughts of their own.
9 ~8 _6 R  N0 \$ Q1 `: JCompetition or Cooperation
7 H0 q& R" F% W$ OCooperation
8 @  U2 ?+ j& r' i1. Cooperation offers us a break from the pressure and stress of competition.
7 V( C) `5 I; E" v: H; L- O  v2. We feel that winning is not everything. Striving to win makes things fun and exciting, but we shouldn’t find our self-esteem only through winning.' i8 d4 d4 A+ O; {# \
3. Two heads are better than one.( q, M  e* b7 U! K8 O, ?- {% J1 C7 W6 q/ f
4. In cooperation people work together in order to achieve their goals. By helping you I help myself. We sink or swim together. This is a win-win approach – everyone wins.
6 _- x, P0 V, x5. In fact, people working together are generally more effective than people working against each other (or alone). That is to say, it is easier to succeed when other people are helping us rather than working against us.
0 t! L; D* r* m& \0 v) J: \/ Z6. Cooperation is marvelously successful at helping people to communicate effectively, to trust in others and to accept those who are different from themselves.. S' ?5 r" s! z+ J! h7 d, z
Should High School Students Be Encouraged to Evaluate and Criticize Their Teacher?
9 F' ]2 D1 Y. ?4 ], z% S+ ?# L1. This practice helps teachers better understand their strengths and weaknesses, just as the old saying has it: “Stander-by see more clearly than gamesters.”
. J) A3 [, S8 \1 G' ~+ H1 g2. The system helps nurture teachers’ spirit of competition, intensify the sense of responsibility and urges them to upgrade(improve) their quality of service – teaching quality.& C+ H' L) X" Z8 t' z: @6 V5 ^- m! h$ z
3. It supervises teachers’ work and control the efficiency of the teaching work like an invisible hand.
& P2 ], L) G1 P4. It helps the school administrations to have a better grasp of teaching quality of the teaching staff through the regular feedback from the students.5 X( C, e5 U% V, R% D
5. It acts as an effective tool to measure the quality of education.7 z) w" l% o& U6 g+ y; p. r
6. It can increase the mutual understanding and promote friendship between teachers and students, thus forming a brand new type of student-teacher relationship. It is a symbol of students-oriented education and a step forward towards quality education.% O' K- ~8 c. V1 J. T7 S
Coeducation 男女共校
1 i2 @) k( m1 M* i2 V1. The adult world is made up of males and females, so should the school be. Coeducation helps one to better know his social role so that one can easily adapt to the outside world. The formative years of children are the best time to expose them to the company of the other gender, in order that they may learn each others’ behavior and be better prepared for adult life.
! ~) c# v$ Q2 v6 E2 g7 W2. It offers a good chance for male and female students to better understand one another, thus removing illusions and wrong impression. There are many striking differences between males and females. By studying together in a same school, they can complement each other and learn from each other.0 y  b! ?3 j1 n( t' T6 a  t8 |
3. It encourages benign competition and cooperation between male and female students.8 h$ v# c* |: f
4. It is beneficial to the healthy psychological development. Many psychological and physiological problems vexing an adolescent student can be readily solved in a coeducational school.& c# L4 s7 Y! Q6 z& U0 w$ z
5. It is beneficial to the healthy psychological development. Many psychological and physiological problems vexing an adolescent student can be readily solved in a coeducational school.1 z+ x2 Z0 Q; C# k+ `
6. It possesses a good many practical advantages. For example, the coed school has the socialization advantages. Obviously, a party involving two sexes is more interesting and likely to succeed. It helps students to enjoy various kinds of rich and colorful school life.2 Z, T# Q7 Y& O5 S5 [& n
7. Different thoughts based on different genders exchanged in class are helpful to the study.+ H: i  @2 G9 _7 S7 T( h% `
8. The presence of the opposite sex helps refrain students from indecent behaviors.
# r5 X- _& y! _2 F3 k  U+ E9. Coed schools help to get that sexual interaction going.9 _, R/ L: t) p+ R- b( V  L
10. In fact boys and girls are a good influence on each other, engendering good behavior and maturity ---- particularly as teenage girls usually exhibit greater responsibility than boys of the same age. Academic competition between the sexes is a spur to better performance at school.8 z& N5 J5 t( o! z8 F9 b/ S0 b* D
11. Schools should prepare children for life and the more the school emulates “real life ” the better. The coed system makes children more socially adaptable.. @& Y" R8 {, k; {3 W$ A3 u( S
12. Boys will do better in the classroom if girls are present to set them a good example.. a' A" N( e! x& P
Will Computers Replace Human Teachers?
0 }8 Y* B3 B& B" N1. Computers are cold impersonal devices and they relate to children as though they are machines—without love, care, or feeling.
0 S  M& _3 V- w) M; ^, A0 [2. Children who use computers will learn to communicate with machines instead of people. There is a risk we will create a generation of social illiterates. There is some truth to the stereotypical “computer nerd”.
/ h" f; e  W8 R. F3. Teacher-directed learning is underpinned by personal awareness and a focus on students. IT-directed focus is impersonal.8 R, I! y3 w2 M: K# q
4. Within a class of 25 children, there may be 25 variables. These variables are understood by teachers but not by computer-generated and controlled programs.
: v1 i. \; U  L* @0 [5. Classroom teachers become aware of student learning difficulties and foibles.: H2 i. z$ Z( E+ E
6. Computers present programs that can not be accommodated. Personalized shifts do not happen.9 [( X1 T% f# g0 g0 {  v( A/ m
7. Computer-generated learning places all students in the group onto the same program, at the same point, progressing them as a collective. Individual differences are not recognized.0 s% e5 F$ Q* K
8. Having a teacher in the classroom poses many opportunities for the students to learn life’s basics.
3 ~4 N: F$ U% U( F9. Having physical teachers in the classrooms is advantageous because they can teach personal interaction, reading, and teamwork. And computer cannot teach these things.& [2 g! u6 S, c. x# q. _  U
10. There can be confusion between reality and fantasy, between fact and myth,9 K% k0 A1 [# s' F* N' o
Problems Probably Confronting a freshman
9 K5 O: g3 B! H; T/ {3 L5 b  nPossible Problems:  v8 E+ d8 w+ V6 b4 j' i6 n7 c; ^
1. Psychological problems such as loneliness, homesickness and inadaptability.
& b0 w6 }9 |9 r2. Language problems such as inability to understand the local dialect.: i7 M9 u' |2 h, v
3. Local foods disagreeable to one’s taste.
4 M9 I4 i# H- f' Q  G, d7 T4. Can not adapt to the climate very well.
! p# x4 {! v9 a- c2 o8 s, jSuggested Solutions:
5 J2 I+ x# g% ]2 }0 B# e* [4 v' S1. A college orientation session should be held to familiarize the freshmen with the exciting school life.. H: Q7 [8 G. i+ ?5 Z6 g: n
2. Some special advisory and consultative committees should be established to meet the psychological needs of the new students.
# A: p* k$ G: [& b4 J3. Seniors students should be called on to offer help to their new younger schoolfellows.
- n& m: C( p. ?8 Z9 y2 B; M& c( @4. Different kinds of foods and accommodation should be available to students from different places and backgrounds.( ^" Z3 M: ]2 D8 t" q9 z
5. Some campus activities involving new and old students’ participation should be organized to familiarize the new with the campus life, such as a welcome party to be held by the school authorities.% K( u+ p+ j( {* A8 z7 o4 K5 W
6. Fresh should try to be independent and self-reliant.
: X# `# R9 u9 ~) N2 Q* L5 ]7. Keep regular emotional contacts with one’s family members and former classmates.
2 C( A9 j" d+ y4 R6 D8. Active participation in the campus life is essential to removing loneliness and disorientation.
, h: E3 \. r8 n. Q' `0 e4 CPocket Money
, s9 E+ [' F3 F6 O5 j! [0 B1. Help the children understand the value of money and how to use the money responsibly.0 \# {# D( ]" k# p: u" r% {, ^# J  ?
2. The money parents give help the children learn to manage money, and they can understand how budgeting, saving and interest work. In this way, they can develop wise spending habits.
; F' h4 B8 A9 m- V; q3 O- q$ }3. It helps raise a money-savvy child.+ _8 B5 ~* T& j  x0 D( t
4. Cultivate a spirit of independence and learning to make decision on one’s own.5 Q% D% s. z( N5 O# s( O+ R
5. Such goal-setting helps children learn to become responsible for themselves.. S- A5 \$ e+ Z, k- i
6. Children are willing learners, and you will find by giving pocket money, you can get them very interested in whole process of building a healthy saving for the future.
. F" X" `0 h6 g. V7 b8 I- a, S: `% U7. Young children especially enjoy watching the money build up in their piggy banks, and they love to take it out and count it. This is a great opportunity to teach your child the different denominations in our currency, and what each coin and bill is worth.
8 Y* `' O$ j7 X( f' i) X4 i: n8. It is the beast way to introduce your child to the concept of saving.
+ J1 g7 q. f- W2 E9. Money management is seldom taught in schools; it is up to the parents to educate their children in this very important life skill.
+ `( H0 j& g8 @. u10. It is a way to help educate children about personal finance and managing money.
; B. _! f3 E, m- P7 z1 J  N11. Parents don’t have to worry about being constantly asked to buy things for the kids.
$ V- U9 L( a: @9 N" V12. Children can learn how and why to save money.
/ P& \& `5 G4 U7 m, aTo Play, or to Compete?% ?, ], @  J( E. l( O. z. M/ e
1. Organized sports activities bring damage rather than benefits to children both physically and psychologically.
$ K3 C1 _& ^! g2 ]9 u2. Physically, as they are still at the stage of developing bodies, hard exercises and tough playing will be inappropriate for them.8 X1 ?* K& k: B( ^- q: q7 f2 G
3. Psychologically, winning and losing—the keynote of adult life --- may mean too heavy a burden for children who should have fun and enjoy the game at that age.  q6 t7 z* A, P1 f- B
4. The primary goal of a professional athlete – winning – is not appropriate for children. Their goal should be having fun, learning, and being with friends.
" Z6 g/ k$ ^; r" Y! m5. Children will benefit more from those programs emphasizing fitness, self-esteem, cooperation, sportsmanship, and individual performance.
+ a+ i+ S3 O& q6. Besides physical hazards and anxieties, competitive sports pose psychological dangers for children.
, H+ f3 W8 D6 t' T; W  F3 INature or Nurture
& Y' j8 S/ H; P1. Learning is very important in determining who we are.
1 K7 @# l0 P/ _: k. ?' b) ~2. You can’t change your genes, but you can choose how to live your life.
% H  J( a3 H1 v% X3. If we take identical twins, and give one the best environment possible, and put the other one in closet for eighteen years, the differences will be profound, and caused totally by environmental differences between the two children,
- t' K+ k2 d5 n* r- G2 U4. Identical twins living in parallel universes do not necessarily lead identical lives./ B7 `* Q5 s( E7 @0 m; |% K% U
5. Environment is more influential.0 h4 ?/ W+ h% |7 z
6. There is also substantial proof that an individual’s environment affects his mental aptitude.
1 o% g' ?6 O. O7. It is often difficult to separate learning from our biology because we begin learning at the moment we are born.
& o+ T3 [$ N* e! O" i* ~1 P8. Biology certainly determines part of what we are, but we start learning as soon as we are conceived,8 ~& X: C5 k6 b( h, [
9. We hardly separate biologically determined behavior from learned behavior.
- L4 h# g  y: v! |6 {10. Socialization is learning. Socialization refers to all learning regardless of setting or age of the individual.
( s1 H% f% M' [4 u11. A person’s entire environment seems to be more effectual in determining his mental ability than heredity is.5 u- K( G  y! f8 _0 _( }
12. Experiments such as these ones prove that a person’s environment can have a crucial effect on him and on his manner of thinking.1 m0 m" z# I  C% ]
13. A study done in Great Britain in the late 1980s shows that nutrition plays a very large role in a person’s development.4 a- R+ \0 e- u& d; ~
14. Starving people across the globe show why lack of nutrients in human bodies can stunt mental evolutions as well as physical growth.5 A, J$ B8 ~# @! S
15. Unique environmental factors (unique to children reared together) cause differences in behavior.% c- _6 U4 n) |6 Q
How to Manage Stress
; W* l' Q" B0 o3 y7 sThe Present Situation and Its Effects:& S+ h# o+ Y$ Q( l1 U  s0 l+ ^9 M$ c* b
1. Stress is your reaction to something you consider a challenge or a threat. Stress is a natural part of life. Modern people are stressed out or under too much stress.
' y: r; ~% W1 g* p$ M0 Q2 G2. Stress is a natural part of life.
5 K- V, v; @$ ]  |7 U; y8 U1 `3. Stress is hard to define because it means different things to different people; however, it is clear that most stress is a negative feeling rather than a positive feeling.) M; d- t# V( {! |9 d) p( f
4. Despite the highly developed material life, modern people are leading an unprecedented stressful life.
6 z( }2 ~3 y0 l" k  r1 _1 ~- g5. Some stressors are so powerful that they would evoke significant emotional distress in most mentally healthy people, and trigger mental disorders.( R+ o7 C6 }; n/ S; R& @
Causes:/ t4 H9 G, F/ V6 P- Y
1. You may feel physical stress which is the result of too much to do, not enough sleep, a poor diet or the effects of an illness., N( G0 k/ A! u2 p
2. Nowadays the social competition is becoming fiercer and everyone wants to cope with adversity and to flourish in their education, vocation, and personal relationships.9 t3 o& I+ V- Q, N* ?6 v
Solutions:
" S6 f% \, n9 _3 @1. If your stress is chronic, it may require more attention and lifestyle changes.0 A: [0 _5 k5 g& D% v" y
2. Exercise. Regular exercise is a popular way to relieve stress. Twenty to thirty minutes of physical activity benefits both the body and the mind.
/ Q+ @8 v9 L4 M+ E* i2 j' c$ \3. Hobbies. Take a break from your worries by doing something you enjoy. Whether it is gardening or painting, schedule time to indulge your interest." [6 {* B/ d9 o% P) ^2 R$ `& }
4. Healthy lifestyle. Good nutrition makes a difference. Limit intake of caffeine and alcohol, get adequate rest, exercise, and balance work and play.+ x, `) u) z2 E% S; ?6 P) u+ {
5. Share your feelings. A conversation with a friend lets you know that you are not the only one having a bad day, caring for a sick child or working in a busy office. Stay in touch with friends and family. Let them provide love, support and guidance. Don’t try to cope alone.
5 @8 Y: N' Y; |0 p# F6. Lower demands you put on yourself. Live for today. Don’t dwell in the past of worry about the future.4 D0 E0 P4 }) Z$ V! A* O1 i: }
7. Develop other interests that will help you forget about your problems for a while. Sports work for some people, reading, exercising or socializing for others.* z! t1 ~) Z9 Q: j$ f) P
Carnivorous Diet or Vegetarian Diet
* l4 m2 ]0 C* p$ {* S" TCarnivorous Diet:
1 Z: I8 {" A- I. U8 Q, R1. Human beings are a part of the food chain, and eating meat is natural. So then, how can eating meat be wrong?
5 f3 p/ e& z+ z# G+ q2. Humans are type of animal and eating meat is normal and simply a part of life.8 C  Q4 c% m  `3 m+ z, ?
3. Animals provide essential protein for the human body. Protein is biologically essential, for every living creature needs a certain amount to survive.
" L0 x5 n1 K$ t4. Vegetarians do not get enough minerals and vitamins as a result of their limited diet.
' \: m  x/ L- x# w1 i- E5. It is hard enough for vegetarians to stay healthy in our technologically advanced society.8 ]5 U' v* Z0 L, A
6. Eating plats is also causing pain or discomfort to the plants. You only have to check out laboratory experiments that plants feel pain.
# G$ _: b" ]* f3 ?Should Smoking Be Banned in All Public Places?
8 [! L  ^% |% ?5 ?) d+ y1. Second-hand tobacco smoke can be deadly as well.
& j, k. h: X9 A" Z8 s- c2. Cigarette smoke contains about 4000 chemicals, about 50 of which are known cancer-causing agents.; z8 q6 r8 h% C5 g! g* F" d; j
3. Only one smoker makes a majority, as the smoker spreads and fills all space available.
; M" b0 j5 D: {2 q/ g  C4. Governments should pass law to protect people and place controls on actions that harm others.& j; I9 ~) U3 _9 r, I7 u+ C
5. Damaging one’s health is viewed as a personal liberty; damaging some one else’s health may not.5 |$ a7 F& x, G/ X
6. Smoking in public places constitutes a real hazard to non-smokers.. k8 |, h+ X& \
7. Smoking endangers people’s health. Smokers are more likely to suffer from bronchitis and lung cancer and have a higher risk of developing other kinds of cancer.4 u5 P7 y/ F& ]8 D- \% g5 B
8. Smoking may pose a potential fire hazard for smokers are careless about the cigarette butts.
. R) _# m) d' e9 s9. Smoking may cause diseases such as cancers and bronchitis.
$ H7 q" {8 c4 c1 M! m* S4 q10. For years cigarettes have been known to cause cancer, emphysema, and other horrible illnesses. ( s, R5 h+ t  D* Z
11. Smoking not only does harm to the health of smokers but also affects the health of non-smokers around them because non-smokers are forced to take in some poisonous substances which smokers blow into the air.1 {5 S+ n& G! P0 C  u+ w% N
12. Families could save money by not purchasing cigarettes; and accidental fires costing millions of dollars caused by cigarettes would cease.# g/ H; I6 A/ J0 e
13. With every cigarette you smoke, you are causing damage to your health.0 u/ K7 I4 g9 K, {8 V, y
14. Every cigarette you smoke reduces your lifespan by 11 minutes.
" H( f7 p$ V) k: S4 x) q6 T0 WLittering/ Rubbish Problem: t! R. J* X" v0 M% K
Present Situation:
! b+ p$ t0 u, h* w7 n1. The roads scattered with all sorts of trash are a disgrace and the railway line are littered with decaying rubbish.6 ]/ l5 J5 s  }+ q  G) G/ \
2. One third of all waste produced is made up of packaging materials.
1 u' D: l" U3 }3. Litter attracts vermin, causes a fire hazard, pollutes waterways and detracts from the amenity of public parks and gardens.; P1 P" H# p/ [  `% R/ G
4. What we are doing now is wasteful of resources and unfriendly to the environment.
$ |3 M( y: P# _4 n5. People show an appalling disregard for the environment. They have no respect for the environment.
( _: q" e! d5 D7 X, Y6. We lack adequate facilities to dispose of rubbish of all kinds. For instance, not many dustbins are seen along streets.7 c$ ^8 S% k3 h$ e- x# y, H
7. The quickening tempo of modern lifestyle also contributes partly to the increasing rubbish problem, because many people prefer takeaway fast food and the use of disposable items for the convenience’s sake.. \8 x4 ^, H! F1 O
8. Disposable packaging and items become fashionable these days, from baby nappies to milk cartons to burger wrappers.
7 C/ m6 M2 b$ f6 v" {5 }: }9. We are now living in a consumer-oriented society." {# H3 d6 ]4 U
Solutions:
3 l3 B9 q2 g2 W/ d2 ~1. Public activities should be sponsored by government to promote the public awareness of environmental protection. Make sure that everyone is a conscious preserver.4 x5 n, C5 ?- M
2. Our government should take stronger and harsher measures to combat the littering behavior.& t9 Z6 h6 |# ~
3. Use environmentally-friendly materials.( q$ N$ F2 c& F
4. Minimally packaged goods should be encouraged.
6 Q$ n: h9 j( z! [- ^% y& N5. The rubbish should be classified scientifically so that the procedure can achieve high efficiency.
( N2 [3 z( H- z6. People should learn to recycle. For instance, we should set up bins around town to collect glass, paper, and aluminum that can be converted back into raw materials, then made them into new products./ L: I2 o) S2 o/ d) ]+ E  s
How to Solve the Traffic Problem
! K6 }" ?& l  m5 FPresent Situation and Cause:0 J# l8 j; B/ H# d/ Z7 \8 _! H
1. Every day there are many traffic jams everywhere, causing great inconveniences to people’s daily lives.  ?2 U5 [' y% g- Z3 V4 g2 ]
2. Too many cars running on the streets lead to air pollution and noise pollution.
  f8 \/ ]* u( G$ E9 x+ s2 r3. There are more vehicles than the streets can accommodate.! u/ g! l/ x0 a1 g) z- M
4. The construction of new roads is very slow./ A& C% _' T6 `# T
5. Many drivers do not obey regulation. People lack adequate awareness of the seriousness of traffic problem.
& {$ C  }: i$ Q: NSolutions:+ e' K9 y" P# w3 g' N! g) N) D# v
1. More and Wider roads should be laid down to relieve the traffic congestion.
" g$ X: \/ ]* x6 L+ j% G2. Build more underground railway and tunnels and underpass.! D; g) e2 O( b! E/ L8 k1 }. v! s
3. Issue stricter traffic laws and regulations, impose more severe and harsher penalty on the violator.
1 M  ]: B$ Y: E' o# X" J, z1 Q4 z4. Raise the public awareness of the traffic regulations. Popularize the education of traffic regulations; improve the quality of the citizens.6 L3 g  }1 d, E+ F3 q: B
5. Build up better public transportation systems, including buses, trains and subway, will encourage more people to use them rather than drive their own cars.2 R2 Z- l+ g9 _- G" K$ Q
The Pros and Cons of Bikes) x( c& B" A9 g; m. S
Benefits:
8 N9 o2 M# M, o: L! K' v1. Fitness: Biking let you incorporate low stress aerobic exercise into your daily commute." T1 {3 Z; W0 _; P( S/ b# S* l
2. Parking: Forget about parking headache. Riding a bicycle lets you park much closer to your destination than a car." v  ?5 P) B1 q. L8 u% I/ ~
3. The environment benefits include reduced pollution and reduced resource consumption (less material, fuel, and infrastructure).
4 ]# ~) W* J6 ?7 b# y. p* G4. Bicycles increase mobility for those who don’t have access to motor transport (who don’t qualify to drive a car).6 W% c3 q9 h4 s/ N0 h
5. Reduce energy consumption.
/ l6 N! ?8 S3 f. @5 @& N6. One of the most positive impacts of bicycling is improved health.
8 T$ z$ H0 G$ C0 u/ ^7. Moderate exercise such as bicycling can offer major health benefits.
- U& C5 O0 c2 y8. Beyond physical health, bicycling helps to relieve; to fight off depression and anxiety; and to enhance your sense of well-being.
5 k8 j! h5 ^, o0 U9. It is also a lot more economical to ride a bike than to drive a car.
) `# c+ i7 w# N# M4 YThe Cloning Technology
% R% I; D" z, r, `5 {7 Q- B* t1. Cloning is unnatural and not ethically correct.6 C, y( z" Q% R1 p$ W8 L4 _
2. Cloning creates serious issues of identify and individuality and forces humans to consider the definition of self.0 F. {' G1 Y) P4 I3 K% n, y6 z% z
3. It leads to the psychological harms on cloned human children. One of those harms is the loss of identify, or sense of uniqueness and individuality.7 m% @4 n6 v- [
4. The strongest ethical argument against cloning is that it could lead to a new, unfamiliar type of family relationship.. H  C7 F8 G" k9 N& }: G
5. Another argument against cloning is that it would be available only to the wealthy and therefore would increase social inequality.. ?5 [% @  j: z- q  o
Space Research
6 k/ ]' R& w# I* V( N1 }: R; {" dPros:
% S8 j/ ?( O8 q8 J; l: V* n8 _1. The oldest and purest of the arguments for space exploration is the advancement of science and technology.
0 o' b* q" c1 y+ w% \  W+ M2. We will go into space, not to bring back things which make us richer or more comfortable here on Earth. We will go there to live and make it our home.: v0 v2 r( B: O3 X6 w9 }
3. The exploration to the universe is a high ideal –space truly is the final frontier.
* l9 S: s# p7 E' d' }4. The instinct to explore is fundamentally human; already some of our most amazing achievements have taken place in space., Y+ c! b( `* [% ~/ r' Z9 n' \
5. No one can deny the sense of wonder.
6 a' z3 `. D3 n; @1 N7 J; r1 {; M6. The exploitation of space has directly changed our world. Satellites orbiting the Earth allow us to communicate instantaneously with people on different continents, and to broadcast to people all over the world.3 a5 k1 |0 R# K
7. Weather satellites save lives by giving advance warning of adverse conditions, and together with other scientific instruments in orbit they have helped us understand our own world better.% o3 {1 y* |. h: `
8. Space exploration is an investment in the future. Our world is rapidly running out of resources. Overpopulation could become a serious worldwide threat.  c3 t# S- h$ f# G/ T- H" {
9. Space exploration open us new world and adds to our knowledge, enabling human being to know more about the universe as well as about the earth.1 X% c; [1 t8 P) ]: I: v& E, S
10. Space exploration helps to acquire new resources to mitigate the energy crisis (shortage). There may be some new kinds of natural resource in other planets.: U; x/ |& ?9 @; b7 L+ l6 E
11. Space exploration may find new living places for human being to solve the problem of overpopulation. There is possibility that one day mankind may emigrate to other planets., s8 O2 `/ c# }. e( q" d: i
12. Space exploration is necessary for future. If we want to progress in the world then we should continue space exploration.2 r1 p: }7 h: u8 o: f- M/ V
Pros and Cons of Tourism/ s  x: y2 Y6 D  V" G' B$ C* k5 E
Pros:, a' K0 `( u5 m( P. E
1. It is regarded as a pillar of key local economic development.
! }+ e* G5 p' f2. The booming tourist industry has created more job openings. Many people have said good-bye to poverty through involvement in tourist businesses.5 U2 C9 G) o. h
3. The tourist industry has played a positive role in meeting the cultural needs of the public, carrying forward national culture and achieving the sustainable development of resources.# ]9 j9 ]) e, h5 |
4. Tourism helps to better introduce the country to foreigners and showcase the brilliant history and culture to the outside world.
# H7 d* [8 ^' x# N5. Tourism helps to improve the investment environment so as to attract more foreign investors.
8 J. ^5 }3 N* n0 [7 ~6. Tourists can take pleasure in the magnificent natural landscape, appreciate the superior workmanship of ancient artists and enjoy a variety of local delicacies (specialties). Many tourist attractions offer a wealth of historical relics, fascinating scenery and interesting local culture.
6 X( u" }* @9 ?8 a4 |' [! N7. Tourism helps to promote the catering trade, transportation service and commerce.( Q' e( S. c6 ^/ ~2 c
8. Tourism is the world’s largest and faster growing industry. According to recent statistics, tourism provides 10 percent of the world’s income and employs almost one-tenth of world’s workforce. By the year 2010, these numbers will double. All considered, tourism’s actual and potential economic impact is astounding." @* J& z3 g* B9 E
9. Tourism encourages the preservation of identify, pride and value in our living conditions and the cultural legacy of generations in danger of extinction.
. I: _* Z# G) S  |10. Tourism contributes to the revival of customs and traditions.8 `- z) x; F" {4 V, V0 X# z1 c
11. Tourism brings new money into an area and generates jobs, income and tax revenues., X5 K3 t' ^; v( o! G( ]8 a' _0 I
Cons:
" l$ g7 Z6 y& @, O1. Contact with and assimilation of other cultures will reduce the uniqueness of one’s own culture and make the world less colorful than before.4 t) H1 W  k7 d' n. j
2. Undermine local traditions and ways of life.
  U% P& D0 T' n) O; H3. Tourism may cause serious environmental pollution.
5 m1 R7 N' t$ D5 I+ NMuseums and Galleries
, n: |2 N* C" v% Q& DPurposes:% U) A8 ~* F8 J. H+ O! V' n
1. Museum and related heritage institutions provide people with an enhanced awareness of our diverse heritage and our place in the world. They promote understanding and appreciation of our diverse cultures, landscapes, stories and experiences.9 j: ^8 u* V+ N4 C, c
2. Museums contribute to the enrichment of the lives of people." l% P7 `7 u5 }8 z: R
3. Guarantee the availability and use of the collections in research and teaching." e0 m  @# F0 a$ L& o
4. Collections and exhibitions reflect the cultural and social diversity.
1 c" Z3 v! v. w: P5. Museums and galleries make an important contribution to education, scholarship, citizenship, social inclusion and tourism.
/ {9 ^- F; V% m+ D8 G1 k6. Generally promote the public’s enjoyment and understanding of painting and other fine art both by means of the collection and by such other means as they consider appropriate.% Z* V: `# w$ z5 t4 Z7 u/ m
How to Support and Develop the Museum and Gallery:
& ^" j1 ], Q: Q: u3 r1. The government sets up more state funded museums and art school.+ F! o& D& @" Z+ k) t
2. Increase education personnel and facilities in museums and galleries, as well as support schools with the cost of visits.1 ~; D  m2 o" _& _% N! a! H
3. We should actively seek to attract additional sources of funding in order to increase the total pool of money available.. S% S5 x9 }" {4 g) i! y
4. Museums should be taken to raise standards of collection care or management.
: ^6 Z8 z, m' j& X8 Y, \' |5. The government should refund those museum and galleries which offer free admissions to the public.6 n# `) }. W: n$ }
6. Seek the financial support of corporations, non-profit foundations and individuals who share its goal of preserving the cultural legacy of the museums.- N1 F: i7 U7 V
TV and Films' _0 V$ Q+ J: c  T/ g7 D- R, }
Positive Side:9 \/ L3 S0 B8 s  V5 t- [
1. Television is one of the most important forms of entertainment and communication.
7 A3 X' d, ]7 G, F2. Television has the power to educate and to entertain.
; p* X- x! M  Q& I$ I5 M3. There is probably no greater influence on society than the television, which has saturated our lives.  e5 s9 E0 B8 Q4 f* ~( x
4. Children watch TV to receive the daily news.
: ?& f9 K/ _) _  G: y4 T  h5. TV plays a big role in a child’s life. It teaches them new words and shows them things they have never seen before.8 B; c$ @8 @0 t0 C8 R
6. The TV was brought in to our world to give us a new sense of entertainment, world news and endless amounts of information.8 {& t; i) y9 [
7. Television can also promote pro-social behavior.0 O! I' R4 d4 R" l
8. Television can exert its strongest pro-social influence in the area of learning and cognitive development.* t. k0 ~' a$ p5 h! L+ y7 p
Negative Side:
) S) @- n& C6 y1. A child who often indulges in TV doesn’t know the difference between reality and fantasy.+ J7 v  w2 d! ^" V2 [
2. Children have undeveloped minds, which can not conceive the information the same way that adults do.
2 ~. m, _9 A3 j0 T, n9 I1 N/ V3. Given our national television habit, it is no surprise that we are raising the most sedentary and most overweight generation of youngsters in history.( K* v  T: [2 |. m. h: N
4. The health consequences of this overabundance of TV viewing include an increase in obesity among kids due to a sedentary lifestyle, and the flip side, an increase in dieting disorders due to the unrealistic expectations set up by thin actors on television shows and commercials.
- ]; u0 g+ n' v1 tAdvertising
! `0 A0 F% B* E' L5 _4 l8 ~1 c0 s7 YFor:
/ I% y, b" Q1 A5 M; ?: M: s4 K1. Advertising promotes and popularizes new products and give people everywhere the maximum choice of products and choice.& v  e8 j4 `' c- L0 k
2. Some advertisements are of high artistic value, original and well-designed with vivid pictures and witty language, artistic photography and witty slogan; therefore they add to the beauty of our lives. They are a par indispensable to modern society.  @+ f) r9 T8 y( d" D
3. Advertising brings convenience to people’s lives./ c/ e/ O+ k# d
4. Advertising plays an important role in our economic life and is indispensable to the consumer society.
# b2 J2 J7 o; c8 A3 v: Y/ y5. It is a kind of visual enjoyment to look at some witty works of advertising which add beauty to the cityscape.2 B) t8 I+ ]: C, D, N; P
Against:- K" z: Z' \% R
1. Some leaflets and handouts are scattered here and there, polluting the environment. They are regarded as rubbish and a blemish on the landscape of the city. They disfigure our cities,2 G( U$ C; t3 w0 C$ k' |
2. Advertisements are not always truthful, and a product is often misrepresented, false and deceptive. Many advertisements are fictitious, exaggerating, misleading and flying in the face of truth.
7 R( i; m4 ?4 ~& i9 V% u* u  h3. Advertisements are an insidious form of brainwashing. Some are mislead and tend to induce people to spend more and create demand for things we do not need.5 j- K$ Y2 c" i% G- B
4. It is very disturbing that TV programs are interrupted by advertisements, and mailboxes are stuffed with rubbish. Nuisance to TV viewers: constant interruption spoils the viewing. We can do nothing but accept it passively. They are intrusive and offensive.
( p4 w0 r( s5 }# s: N) I! l4 ^The Disappearance of Language and Culture+ K* i$ k8 Q& y% `( E& Z
Present Situation:$ D# v% U; t) h7 x6 v. G
1. Endangered languages are languages that are slowly disappearing because of technology and the desire for cultures to assimilate. Also, many cultures have changed or altered their languages for economic reasons.' l; x/ M: z& I6 P/ i
2. While languages are being lost at alarming rate, this is not a time for pessimism. Many local language communities are mobilizing to maintain and foster their linguistic traditions.3 E, D! n, Z2 k8 _5 S* _+ J) u; Q
3. Many efforts are underway to reverse the trend of language disappearance.
2 Y% K5 q# l& m0 J4. Languages are a t serious risk of disappearing.
$ B4 {4 ?- ]: M: p0 A4 p5. A large number of languages are under threat of extinction, if we pay no heed to this phenomenon, it then implies that in no distant future, small ethnic groups will lost their cultural identities and languages and become lost tribes, relegated to the history books.
+ I3 w# M# R9 X' J& EThe Reasons of Extinction. Z! \( e: l  y' j+ E5 H
1. With the recent wave of technological advances in communications, the world has gotten closer than ever before to image conjured by the words “global village”.. U$ ]& h6 Y$ n2 @  m+ P& g0 d
2. Cultural globalization will result in one homogenous global culture where everyone looks the same, speaks the same and thinks the same.% l9 t% C' q% a4 q. [# j
3. Languages become extinct when a community finds itself under pressure to integrate with a larger or more powerful group.5 u6 a1 w/ a5 O, [% |' `& D5 l
4. Often the community is pressured to give up its language and even its ethnic and cultural identity.2 h- J# D: _5 V( g( [4 J8 @* P* a
5. Because of some intense pressure, such as economic, social and political, some tribes give up their own cultures, including their languages, to embrace those of the majority tribes.
% Z4 p8 ?* A; o9 {. ]The Significance of Language Preservation+ W" e' m3 Z/ ^; Q$ H( T. D
1. The study of a language not only equips a student with a new set of communication tools but also provides them with an ability to see things from a different cultural perspective.. M* [  L) F$ P3 Y' n7 S
2. Language is culture, so killing language equals killing culture. In so doing, we erase whole histories and bury entire stories the richness of which the world loses forever.
/ b8 I8 _! [* C3. When a community loses its language, it often loses a great deal of its cultural identity at the same time.
3 ]  }( g4 {4 o8 Y, @0 E( _The Solutions to the Problem3 R% k3 I1 \' X. G% w6 Q
1. Heighten awareness of our heritage and celebrate our cultural diversity.  ]8 ^* y2 f. y' N) e
2. Support the use of endangered languages in all contexts: at home, in education, in the media, and in social, cultural and economic life." M# L& j4 f2 M, s8 E1 X1 t7 z9 p! e
3. Set up a database for archiving languages to prevent them from being lost completely.
6 p+ m; F- ~9 b  G, q0 Y4. Governments can help by removing bans on languages, and children should be encouraged to speak other languages in addition to their native tongues.8 a4 Q' I& b! a# j6 _, y
Art Funding+ d2 i; I, l8 o3 t! P+ H1 a6 d
1. It is imperative that our national rich and diverse heritage in the arts and culture be preserved, enhanced, and publicly supported if we are to see the continuation of a tradition that has inspired people living and working here.
( B' k% b' d/ E* s& k5 ]2. It is a worthwhile investment because it puts a nation on the international cultural map and generates tourism dollars (boosts local tourism)./ E4 W) R9 s: t2 e# `  O9 i
3. Although the traditional artists may not create commercial benefits, they can enrich our spiritual life and civilize our society.# B* ?- Y& O  M: `# x
4. Art contributes to the enrichment of the lives of people.4 h5 ?# q5 ], O, \: Q) Y
5. Art upgrades the image and status of the city,0 Z3 s  ?. X% c5 c3 {" E, Q
6. Government support for the arts will help attract and retain the organizational and individual talent required by a thriving, multi-cultural economy and society.5 i, r* L% q6 p+ v" Y  z
7. It helps preserve and carry forward the traditional arts.
1 d" N3 f( s& t& w/ i/ u0 FAre Zoos Necessary?+ ]' o" ]4 W* }# S+ l
1. It is an effective way to preserve some rare animals and endangered species. It cannot be denied that the natural environment is no longer a suitable habitat for some species which are on the verge of extinction due to the deterioration of environment and hunting.
) M9 F0 z1 k$ U9 a4 v+ i8 j2. The animals kept in zoos can undoubtedly receive better care and treatment for there are many well-trained professionals like vets and scientists.! c( n* j  V/ @; R1 f/ S* R8 @
3. Certainly zoo animals do tend to live longer lives, to feed better, and to suffer from fewer parasites or diseases. They live without the fear of predation; they live without famine.$ ?* i% m9 _' e3 h
4. Besides protecting endangered species, zoos play an important role in improving the public knowledge of animals. Animals in zoos keep people in touch with a more natural animal world.8 b* K* K7 A. g9 M2 h, O4 g$ `$ ^8 A
5. Zoos are a place of entertainment and recreation. They are also a great tourist attraction which boosts the local tourism.
: Z( G" d7 b+ |' e6. Zoos help to carry out research as a result of having animals available.