很多GMAT考生反映包含“than”等字眼的比较结构在句子改错中难度很大,考生们往往会分不清“than”前后所表达的比较关系是什么,尤其是在具有省略成分的比较句中更为如此,一般而言,只要对句子的比较关系理解正确,解题还是相对较为容易的。下面就让我们通过例题示范让大家了解一下比较结构中经常常出现的一些考点。 一. Than之前后的比较对象的不一致。 例1: Alargeriseinthenumberofhousingstartsinthecomingyearshouldboostnewconstructiondollarsbyseveralbilliondollars,makingtheconstructionindustry’seconomichealthmuchmorerobustthanfiveyearsago A)makingtheconstructionindustry’seconomichealthmuchmorerobustthanfiveyearsago B)andmaketheconstructionindustry’seconomichealthmuchmorerobustthanfiveyearsago C)makingtheconstructionindustry’seconomichealthmuchmorerobustthanitwasfiveyearsago D)tomaketheconstructionindustry’seconomichealthmuchmorerobustthanfiveyearsago E)inmakingtheconstructionindustry’seconomichealthmuchmorerobustthanitwasfiveyearsago 题目分析:本题目分析的重点是要看than前后的内容,than前面为“theconstructionindustry’seconomicgrowth”,而than后面为“fiveyearsago”,这道题目违反了一个原则,即前后比较的内容不对应,根据这一原则,我们很容易的可以排除A,B,D选项,从本题的语法结构上讲,making…….fiveyearsago应为一个伴随状语,因此E改变了句子的句意,因此C为正确选项。
例2 Domesticautomobilemanufacturershaveinvestedmillionsofdollarsintoresearchtodevelopcarsmoregasoline-efficienteventhanpresentlyontheroad. A)intoresearchtodevelopcarsmoregasoline-efficienteventhanpresentlyontheroad B)intoresearchfordevelopingevenmoregasoline-efficientcarsontheroadthanatpresent C)forresearchforcarstobedevelopedthataremoregasoline-efficienteventhanpresentlyontheroad D)inresearchtodevelopcarsevenmoregasoline-efficientthanthoseatpresentontheroad E)inresearch 题目分析:解析本题的关键是要看被比较的事物,即汽车,而than后面却是presentlyontheroad,显然前后比较的内容无法对应起来,从逻辑上也显得过于荒谬,因此要想让本句的比较内容一致,需要在than后面加入一个指示代词those,前后才能对应起来。当我们明确了此点以后,便能够确定D属于正确答案。 二.比较的时态错误 例1 InflationhasmademanyAmericansreevaluatetheirassumptionsaboutthefuture;theystillexpecttolivebetterthantheirparentshave,butnotsowellastheyoncethoughttheycould. A)theystillexpecttolivebetterthantheirparentshave B)theystillexpecttolivebetterthantheirparentsdid C)theystillexpecttolivebetterthantheirparentshad D)stillexpectingtolivebetterthantheirparentshad E)stillexpectingtolivebetterthandidtheirparents 题目分析:解决本题的关键是要看than前后比较的对象,在本题中被比较的对象应是不同时间条件下的Live这一动作。Than之前为现在时态,而than之后显然是一个现在完成时态,而本句所要表达的意思是美国年轻人期望在未来比他们父母过去过的更好,因此本题应选B,而C中的had为过去完成式显然没有根据。另外D和E选项则错误的将两个完整的句子何为一句,显然这可以从句中的分号看出来。 三.倍数增减的表达错误 例1 ALaborDepartmentstudystatesthatthenumbersofwomenemployedoutsidethehomegrewbymorethanathirty-fivepercentincreaseinthepastdecadeandaccountedformorethansixty-twopercentofthetotalgrowthinthecivilianworkforce. A)numbersofwomenemployedoutsidethehomegrewbymorethanathirty-fivepercentincrease B)numbersofwomenemployedoutsidethehomegrewmorethanthirty-fivepercent C)numbersofwomenemployedoutsidethehomewereraisedbymorethanthirty-fivepercent D)numberofwomenemployedoutsidethehomeincreasedbymorethanthirtyfivepercent E)numberofwomenemployedoutsidethehomewasraisedbymorethanathirty-fivepercentincrease. 题目解析:划线部分存在两处错误,一处为number的用法,此处number应使用单数形式,另外一处错误为grew和increase的重复使用问题,如将increase代替grew则更加本句的结构逻辑。因此一一排除A,B,C,和E选项之后,只有D符合题意。 很多情况下,考生多数是由于无法分清比较的对象才容易犯错误,另外在做GMAT比较类型的改错题时,我们建议考生应首先保证比较前后的比较对象应符合形式对称原则,即比较的内容应该在属性上具有一致性。另外还建议考生多注意than后面的谓语动词,若没有谓语动词,则应根据具体语境进行补齐。只有在保证句子符合逻辑的前提下,我们才能保证解题的正确率。
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