1. Although 90 percent of the population believes itself to be well inFORMed about health care, only 20 percent knows enough about DNA. So apparently at least 80 percent of the population does not know enough about medical concepts to make well-inFORMed personal medical choices or to make good public policy decisions about health care.

 The argument's reasoning is questionable because the argument fails to demonstrate that

 (A) those people who can understand news stories about DNA are able to make well-inFORMed personal medical choices

 (B) more than 20 percent of the population needs to be well inFORMed about health care for good public policy decisions about health care to be made

 (C) one's being able to make well-inFORMed personal medical choices ensures that one makes good public policy decisions about health care

 (D) an understanding of DNA is essential to making well-inFORMed personal medical choices or to making good public policy decisions about health care

 (E) since 90 percent of the population believes itself to be well inFORMed about health care, at least 70 percent of the population is mistaken in that belief.

 2. During the 1980's, Japanese collectors were very active in the market for European art, especially as purchasers of nineteenth-century Impressionist paintings. This striking pattern surely reflects a specific preference on the part of many Japanese collectors for certain aesthetic attributes they found in nineteenth-century Impressionist paintings.

 Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the explanation above?

 (A) Impressionist paintings first became popular among art collectors in Europe at the beginning of the twentieth century.

 (B) During the 1980's, the Japanese economy underwent a sustained expansion that was unprecedented in the country's recent history.

 (C) Several nineteenth-century Impressionist painters adopted certain techniques and visual effects found in Japanese prints that are highly estee

 3. The average cable television company offers its customers 50 channels, but new fiber-optic lines will enable telephone companies to provide 100 to 150 television channels to their customers for the same price as cable companies charge for 50. Therefore, cable companies will be displaced by the new companies within a few years.Which of the following, if true, most helps to strengthen the argument?

 (A) The initial cost per household of installing new fiber-optic television service will exceed the current cost of installing cable television service.

 (B) The most popular movies and programs on channels carried by cable companies will also be offered on channels carried by the fiber-optic lines owned by the telephone companies.

 (C) Cable television companies will respond to competition from the telephone companies by increasing the number of channels they offer.

 (D) Some telephone companies own cable companies in areas other than those in which they provide telephone services.

 (E) The new fiber-optic services offered by telephone companies will be subject to more stringent governmental programming regulations than those to which cable companies are now subject.

 4. The only physical factor preventing a human journey to Mars has been weight. Carrying enough fuel to propel a conventional spacecraft to Mars and back would make even the lightest craft too heavy to be launched from Earth. A device has recently been invented, however, that allows an otherwise conventional spacecraft to refill the craft's fuel tanks with fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere for the return trip. Therefore, it is possible for people to go to Mars in a spacecraft that carries this device and then return.

 Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

 (A) The amount of fuel needed for a spacecraft to return from Mars is the same as the amount of fuel needed to travel from Earth to Mars.

 (B) The fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere would not differ in composition from the fuel used to travel to Mars.

 (C) The device for manufacturing fuel from the Martian atmosphere would not take up any of the spaceship crew's living space.

 (D) A conventional spacecraft equipped with the device would not be appreciably more expensive to construct than current spacecraft typically are.

 (E) The device for manufacturing fuel for the return to Earth weighs less than the tanks of fuel that a conventional spacecraft would otherwise need to carry from Earth for the return trip.