在GRE阅读中,考生往往会因为倒装结构的不清晰导致无法理顺整个句子的结构与来龙去脉,因此掌握倒装结构对于我们正确理解句子原意有着非常大的帮助。所谓到装也就是为了实现强调句子的某个成分对原有句子结构进行的语言顺序上的某些调整和变化。某些情况往往说话人也会为了某种修辞目的采用倒装结构,修辞目的的倒装结构以文学作品居多。通常在考试的情况下,试题命题人往往会处出某种迷惑考生的目的,有意将句子结构进行改写,在GRE阅读的很多文章中我们都可以发现这种情况。下面我们就结合几个典型的实例来对倒装结构进行分析 常见倒装搭配的几种情况: (1)及物动词加介词:固定词组的固定搭配中,经常出现倒装情况,如:bring A to B,写作:Bring to B A 例:Yet Walter’s argument , however deficient , does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration. 翻译:然而,沃尔泽的论点,无论它不充分到何种地步,确实揭示了资本主义体制中最为严重的一个弱点,即它将某一类人置于社会中的显赫位置,这类人无论以怎样合法的手段获得了其物质报酬,却常常缺乏其它那些能唤起他人爱戴和钦佩的品质。 如果从bring A to B的角度去分析这个句子,则这个句子应该将people who....or admiration写到it brings 后面,之所以原句子不这样做,则遵循了英语的句尾信息焦点原则,从而尾部信息成为一种受到强调的部位.根据这条原则,说话人要强调什么意思,便可以让他出现在句子的句尾,而传递的信息便主次分明了.句尾信息焦点和“尾重”原则就是采用这一原理.对比下面这两句话: The patient was taken good care of, and began to recover immediately. The patient was taken good care of, and immediately began to recover. 这两个句子的意思都是病人受到了很好的照顾,很快开始康复.但第一句的意义重心是immediately, 强调了康复的速度,而第二句的意义重心则在于"康复"而不强调"马上" 另外上面的第一个例句中的倒装部分还考虑了一个因素,那就是使之读起来不至于让人产生头重脚轻的感觉,而“people who....or admiration”带有一个较长的定语从句,所以就放在了末尾,另外作者在本句中所强调的部分显然是"often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration,却常常缺乏其它那些能唤起他人爱戴和钦佩的品质"另外"no matter how......material rewards"为本句当中的一个插入语成分. 类似的情况:throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等 (2)that might never be的到装 A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give way abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower. 本句中第一个desire后的两个修饰成分中都出现了到装结构:1)to throw over reality a light,正常语序为To throw a light over reality 和that never was might give way 正常语序为that might never be given away, 倒装后面的系动词was被提前,given因为在情态动词might之后所以变成了原型give。 本句的基本意思为:老的冲动是一种简单的,说明显示的欲望,新冲动是一种即是小说家又像科学家的仔细研究一个东西的特点那样的欲望(新冲动),前一种欲望是永远也不能取代后者的。 (3)Make +Possible 倒装结构 例句:MIT researchers have created an inexpensive method to screen for millions of different bimolecular (DNA, proteins, etc.) in a single sample—a technology that could make possible the development of low-cost clinical bedside diagnostics 本句中破折号后所引带的内容中出现倒装现象:“that could make possible the development of low-cost clinical bedside diagnostics”正常语序应该是, “that could make the development of low-cost clinical bedside diagnostics.实际上make与possible 放在一起为一固定搭配,只是为了避免头重脚轻固而作者将possible提前。 版权说明:太傻网拥有本文版权,未经允许,不得转载。
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