GRE考试阅读长难句的典型结构

录入：2008年01月10日   来源：     网友评论

 1、长成分

　1)长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分

　a、主语从句

　b、宾语从句

　2)长状语

　3)层层修饰

　4)并列成分

　2、常见倒装搭配

　(1)及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况，如：bring A to B，写作：bring to B A

　例：Yet Waltzer’s argument , however deficient , does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.

　类似的情况：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等

　(2)及物动词加副词

　例：make possible …(单词或者句子)

　3、省略的几种情况

　(1)重复的成分

　(2)让步转折的省略：如although (but)

　(3)定语从句引导词的省略which(that )

　(4)定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语

　如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth

　4、 短语被分割

　如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B

　5、多重否定

　如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed .

　6、难句分析举例

　Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.

　[句子主干]Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased …shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…

　[语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句，难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句，一个是(which was)representing… ，另一个是(which was)detached…。

 可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构，从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。